On The Beach :: essays research papers

Every thought of man originates from an emotion. Most of the times our actions are carried out from the heart rather than the mind. We reply to various situations on the basis of how we feel rather than what we think. However, we should not let our emotions take absolute control so that we make careless decisions or do something for which someone else has to suffer. In the novel, On the Beach, Nevil Shute creates an emotional impact on the reader by showing how man misuses his intelligence, how people react to the situation and the effect of the dismissal of a loved one.Over centuries mankind has beared heavy losses due to the misuse of intelligence. Man has used his sophisticated, superior brain for the production of things like weapons, atomic bombs et cetera either to take revenge or explore the power of his deadly creations. Little did he notice that someday his very own creations could bring astir(predicate) his own death. The most scary part, however, is that these chemica l bombs are global killers, i.e. effect of the explosion of a nuclear bomb dropped in one part of the domain of a function can gradually spread all over the globe killing every living organism, sometimes even bacteria because of its intense radioactive levels. In the novel, On the Beach, when the character Moira Davidson, a young ambitious girl who wanted to study and visit places throughout the world is faced with the fact that incomplete she nor anybody else in the Southern Hemisphere is going to live for more than a few months because of a nuclear bomb launched in the Northern Hemisphere, she gets very vicious and frustrated. She says, There never was a bomb dropped in the Southern Hemisphere. Why must it come to us?(7th last line, pg. 29) But, Moira wasnt the only one who was complaining. just about every soul on the rest of the planet shared her thought because of various reasons a developing country like China who was at the flyer of becoming one of the worlds biggest ind ustrial power was destroyed, Russia, a country with abundant land was destroyed within days and last besides not the least the people living in the countries of the Northern Hemisphere where the war began were the first ones to experience their inevitable death. They did not even have the fortune to live longer, but even if they did, they would live a pointless life of fear awaiting their uncertain death.

Bosnia Civil War Essay -- History, The Serbs, Genocide

The genocide in Bosnia started in 1992 and lasted until 1995 and it involved the massacre of the Muslims by the Serbs . The United Nations and the Great Powers of the world failed Bosnia in providing support and aid. To understand what went disparage during the crisis in Bosnia one must first look at the situation that existed there before the conflict. Bosnia is made up of three different ethnicities, the Muslims made up forty-five percent of the population, the Serbs made up thirty-three percent of the population and the Croats consisted of the remaining sixteen percent . The major difference between these ethnicities is not their oral communication but their religions. The Muslims in general practice Islam, the Serbs were traditionally Orthodox and the Croats were mainly Roman Catholic, but the conflict between them was not so much based on their religion as much as nationalism (pg691) . The different ethnicities were not separated within Bosnia instead they were all mixed tog ether . For example, villages that were made up of mostly Serbs may surround a largely Muslim town . The different ethnicities would not interact with one another on a steady basis but they also were not separated into different and exclusive areas (pg691) . The tensions between these three ethnicities had been steadily rising throughout history but they were generally kept under control by outside forces . They were originally forced to co-exist under the Ottoman Empire, then a Serb monarchy forced them to cooperate and lastly it was Tito who installed drift through Yugoslavia . After Tito passed away they each started to embrace the freedom they never had and that is when the violent ethnic conflicts started (pg691) . As well as the different ethnicity another region o... ...to prove themselves because of the failures of previous peacekeeping operations including Somalia. Furthermore, the rules and the structure of the U.N. creates many difficulties that make it hard to accomp lish any goals. Lastly, the peacekeepers faced many obstacles that were unable to overcome. There were problems within the actual peacekeeping force that limited what they were able to accomplish, and although the attempted to complete the tasks set out for them it was impossible to do with the resources they were given. The situation in Srebrenica is an example of the touch on that the failures of the U.N. have on an actual mission of the peacekeeping operation. The Bosnian civil war is an unfortunate crisis that the U.N. should take as an opportunity to learn from their mistakes, because unfortunately their mistakes woo the lives of a numerous amount of people.

Drunken Santa :: essays papers

Drunken Santa Drunken Santa is a work that creates a miracle of equilibrium. What seemed like a clash of an opposite spectrums colors became the unlikely congruity in this painting. Jaisinis artistic vision here is formed from two components of physical and emotional states of being. Freezing and heating serve as a symbol to a human need for warming up from the chill of solitude by means known to people at all times. The artist pursues his art philosophic quest for worldly knowledge that had left its traces in many of his works. A line of composition literally ignites the paintings surface with the movement. The color of this work is phosphorescent, and it create the contrasting planes if the subtle color nature. The warm color of purple supports the hot color of Santas figure and an exotic fish above Santa. This hot color may act the so-called material universe, the world of the gross senses that can be observed in a sober state. The cold, arctic blue color represents th e unknown, the world of a deep state of drunkenness where real is unreal and otherwise. The only hard reality is the self, which never changes in any state. And maybe that is why Jaisini favors the paintings main hero, Santa, to ingest the vivacious color of fire. Jaisini chooses this color of fire to manifest the self and the cold cerulean, cobalt and ultramarine to renounce self as a mortal entity environ by the eternal unknown. While Santa drinks his feelings of frigid loneliness vanish. And so, he gets a company of some almost hallucinatory nature. A shark, a ghostly image, a profile of another prototypical drunk who is not accidentally situated in a horizontal position. An amalgam of the several female figures that consists of a womanhood in stockings, a nun, a big-breasted silhouette that create a shadow between. A heat can be sensed around the hot dour Santa who has lost his beard and is holding a glass of red wine. He shows his thumb that may be just a polite sub stitution for the lay finger sign. The colors of the work are balanced by a virtuoso composition of a cubist character. The pictures space is divided endlessly. More images bewilder to appear. The world of

Blind Essay -- essays research papers

Have you ever been completely oblivious to a situation that is taking place correct rear your back? You think that everything is going except fine in your perfect little world. You have everything planned out and it seems to be working out right on track. Then only of a sudden you discover something so devastating that it changes your whole life, and everything you worked at for nearly a year. This is exactly how I snarl when I found out that my girlfriend had been cheating on me. I felt like everything I had worked so hard to establish had been gone, and that I was all alone.My life was going along perfectly. I was in the middle of soccer season. My team was destined for the District Championship, and already claimed the Laurel Highlands Championship. I had an amazing girlfriend, who I cared for a lot, and thought she cared about me. She was a junior at Westmont, and also played soccer. She was slightly shorter than me with long blonde hair and beautiful blue eyes. I constant ly spending time with her, despite all of my time spent practicing for soccer. My life was focused on her and keeping our relationship a happy one. in that location was not a day that went by that I did not take the time to at least talk to her for a while, no matter what I had to do.It was the happiest time of my life. I was a totally different person. I was nicer to everyone, and cared a lot more about what was going on around me. Before my girlfriend I was just a quiet shy kid that did not really talk to anyone. She really helped me to come out and talk to people and be a lot nicer person. I was almost certain I finally had a relationship that I thought would last more than just a couple of months. Maybe this would even be the one person I would spend my life with. Thats how strong our relationship was. I was trying my hardest to fox sure that this would be true. For nearly a year, our relationship was amazing. Everything was working out perfectly. We had plenty of time to spen d together and we were never really apart. I had just made the choice to come to UPJ meaning that I could be home and spend time with her. I would never make a choice that important, such as a college and my future based on another person, so that had nothing to do with it. Anyway, I would be staying here in the area so we would... ...blind to a situation. Before this had all happened I always used to think, wow, how stupid could someone be to not know that their girlfriend, or boyfriend, is cheating on them. Well, I guess I found out the hard way that it is not that easy to realize what is going on right behind your back.Maybe I knew about it all along, maybe I am really not as blind as I think, maybe I was not uninformed to it at all, and I just would not let myself believe that it was really true. How could someone that you care about so much, do something that heartless to you? It is almost unbelievable that a person can be that cruel. I spent a little over a year of my life caring and dedicating a corking part of my life to this person. However, right behind me for nearly a month my life was drastically changing, and I had no idea of what was to come.When my girlfriend cheated on me, I felt totally blind to the world. I was lost in my own world, and felt completely alone. The worst feeling I have ever undergo throughout my life was when this happened, and I hope I never have to go through anything like this again.

Violent Video Games did Not Cause the Columbine High School Shooting Es

I feel like getting a baseball bat, breaking it over his head, and consequently STABBING him with the broken end vents Eric Harris about his local weatherman on his web page (Anton 5). Harris, being one of the killers in the Columbine High aim shooting, was called a die-hard gamer who loved the interactive bloodbath called DOOM (Anton 2). show was thought to be one of the factors in Eric Harris violent tragedy. The question is did playing Doom lead to him being a violent child, or did being a violent child lead him to playing Doom?Proceeding my perusal of articles and research, scripted by authors with scientific credentials or otherwise, I have concluded that television system games are no more to blame for the ebullition found in todays society than any other possible cause. However, the incessant brouhaha as well as the negative notoriety surrounding media and video games refuses to cease or let up. These claimsfor or against video gamesare ultimately subjective and incon clusive and very little can be confidently derived from them. Granted, the military force found in our youth is growing rapidly, and there must be external reasons for that, but using video games as a scapegoat give not rectify anything.Video games have been subjected to much finger pointing and blame for the too often seen violent tragedies as of late. David Grossman, a military psychologist that researches killology, is one of the many an(prenominal) who provides his opinion against video games. Killology is a term he coined for the study of the methods and psychological effects of training army recruits to circumvent their natural inhibitions to killing fellow gentle beings (Grossman 1). By observing past wars (preceding killology), one can see how much people will... ...C IGN. 19 work on 2002 http//pc.ign.com/articles/091/091815p1.htmlGrossman, David. Trained to Kill. Christianity Today Magazine get through STORY Trained to Kill. 10 August 1998. Christianity Tod ay. 20 March 2002 http//www.christianitytoday.com/ct/8t9/8t9030.htmlAnton, Mike and Lisa Ryckman. In hindsight, signs to killings obvious. In hindsight, signs to killings obvious. 2 May 1999. RockyMountainNews.com. 20 March 2002 http//denver.rockymountainnews.com/shooting/0502why10.shtmlTzemach, Gayle. Blood and Gore Onscreen. force play Invades Video Games. 1 December 2001. ABC News. 19 March 2002. http//abcnews.go.com/sections/tech/dailynews/internetgames981201.htmlZarozinski, Michael. Video Game Violence. Violence in Video Games. 12 September 2001. Louder Than A Bomb. 19 March 2002 http//www.louderthanabomb.com/vg_voilence.htm

Violent Video Games did Not Cause the Columbine High School Shooting Es

I feel like getting a baseball bat, breaking it over his head, and then STABBING him with the broken end vents Eric Harris nigh his local weatherman on his web page (Anton 5). Harris, being angiotensin converting enzyme of the killers in the Columbine High School shooting, was called a die-hard gamer who loved the interactive bloodbath called DOOM (Anton 2). Doom was thought to be one of the factors in Eric Harris crimson tragedy. The question is did playing Doom lead to him being a violent child, or did being a violent child lead him to playing Doom?Proceeding my perusal of articles and research, written by authors with scientific credentials or otherwise, I defend concluded that video games are no more to blame for the ebullition found in todays society than both other possible cause. However, the incessant brouhaha as well as the negative notoriety surrounding media and video games refuses to cease or let up. These claimsfor or against video gamesare ultimately subjectiv e and inconclusive and very little can be confidently derived from them. Granted, the violence found in our youth is exploitation rapidly, and there must be external reasons for that, but using video games as a scapegoat will not rectify anything.Video games have been subjected to much finger pointing and blame for the too often seen violent tragedies as of late. David Grossman, a military psychologist that researches killology, is one of the many who provides his opinion against video games. Killology is a term he coined for the study of the methods and psychological effects of training army recruits to circumvent their natural inhibitions to killing fellow human beings (Grossman 1). By observing past wars (preceding killology), one can see how much people will... ...C IGN. 19 March 2002 http//pc.ign.com/articles/091/091815p1.htmlGrossman, David. Trained to Kill. Christianity Today Magazine COVER STORY Trained to Kill. 10 luxurious 1998. Christianity Today. 20 March 2002 http//www.christianitytoday.com/ct/8t9/8t9030.htmlAnton, Mike and Lisa Ryckman. In hindsight, signs to killings obvious. In hindsight, signs to killings obvious. 2 May 1999. RockyMountainNews.com. 20 March 2002 http//denver.rockymountainnews.com/shooting/0502why10.shtmlTzemach, Gayle. Blood and Gore Onscreen. fury Invades Video Games. 1 December 2001. ABC News. 19 March 2002. http//abcnews.go.com/sections/tech/dailynews/internetgames981201.htmlZarozinski, Michael. Video Game Violence. Violence in Video Games. 12 family 2001. Louder Than A Bomb. 19 March 2002 http//www.louderthanabomb.com/vg_voilence.htm

Simbio Nichewars

Niche Wars David Scott Smith-3/27/2013 Introduction This report discusses an experiment to study the relationship between the ecologic niche and challenger. The hypothesis formulated states that if competition traits are identical and resources are abundant than multiple species depart be able to coexist, and if one species has an advantage everywhere the new(prenominal)s than this species will be more likely to out repugn another species for resources. The objective of this experiment is to use a simulation model of a track down pen containing four different species of rabbits.The model establishes rules for each species that are based on a number of important characteristics reflecting their ecological niches and their competitive abilities. These characteristics include how faraway rabbits can see (to find food), how fast they can skip over (to acquire food), how more might they use each day just to stay alive, how much energy they must accumulate before reproducing, an d how much energy they absorb from each type of food they eat. This simulation model is parameterized by assigning value to the variables for the rules.This experiment relates very closely to the competitive exclusion principle sometimes referred to as Gauses Law of competitive exclusion or just Gauses Law, which states that two species that compete for the exact same resources cannot stably coexist. One of the two competitors will always have an ever so slight advantage over the other that leads to extinguishing of the second competitor in the long run. Methods In this experiment, there was 4 different rabbit species (black, white, red, brown) that were competing over 1 resource (lettuce).The species had different characteristic settings that could be adjusted in the attempt to have all 4 species coexisting together. These characteristics include how far rabbits can see (to find food), how fast they can hop (to acquire food), how much energy they use each day just to stay alive, h ow much energy they must accumulate before reproducing, and how much energy they absorb from each type of food they eat. Also there was parameter setting determining how much food was grown and the location of the food.The first pace of this exercise was determining how competitive exclusion affected the species when a critical resource is limited in the environment. The modification to increase/decrease the amount of lettuce (the passing resource) available each week was ran 3 different times set on (2,4,8). Next changing the characteristic settings for each species was looked at to determine what would look for the best coexistence to exist. The white species energy level for black rabbits was changed to 4. The black rabbits energy level for white was also changed to 4.The brown rabbits energy level for red rabbits was changed to 4. The red rabbits energy level for brown rabbits was also changed to 4. By making certain rabbits predators on other rabbits it allows for 2 species to coexist with one another once the preyed upon species went extinct. The amount of lettuce per week was also doubled than tripled and finally quadrupled to see how this change affected the species. Results/Discussion changing the species characteristic settings allowed for 2 species to coexist with one another but that is the best I could achieve.When using the predation characteristic it helped the species stay near their carrying capacity which allowed them to be able to coexist. The predation characteristic is highly likely in nature and is most likely one of the key factors contributing to the selection of certain habitats and niches. When competition traits were all identical and resources were increased to be abundant than multiple species were not able to coexist and most went extinct because they over shot their carrying capacities which disproved part of the sign hypothesis.When all four species were biologically identical, it was impossible to correctly indicate which species would survive competition but when one or two species were given an advantage you could predict which species would survive the longest. Conclusion Different characteristics of species allows for the types of niches that can be occupied and whether or not they can be coexisted for example a food specialist will have anatomical and physiological adaptations that allow it to acquire and extract energy and nutrients from one food source extremely well, but will be at a disadvantage if that food source runs low.A food generalist may not acquire as much energy from the specialists favored food, but will be able to make up for that by consuming other kinds of food. We can easily envision circumstances in which each species might outcompete the other. To achieve coexistence of species the carrying capacities of certain species must not be overshot and remain constant.

Death on the Nile: Novel and Film Essay

Agatha Christies 1937 sweet Death on the Nile (adapted by Nancy Taylor for Penguin Readers in 2008) tells the murder mystery novel of a rich, wellborn and young woman her name is Linnet Ridgeway who marries the fianc of her best ally Jacqueline. Linnet and her save Simon go to Egypt to spend their h one and only(a)ymoon there. Jacqueline feels envy from Linnet because she steals her fianc from her, so she keeps pursual them everywhere they go. In the core of the trip Linnet murders while she is on her honeymoon in the Nile. There be umteen suspects on the boat because many people hate her and have a cause for killing her. The detective Poirot who is in the same boat tries to figure out who kills Linnet and solves the problem. One major theme of the novel is how envy leads the person to kill others. The movie version of Agatha Christies popular novel Death on the Nile was released in September 1978, produced by Paramant Picture, directed by John Guillermin, and adapted for t he screen by Anthony Shaffer.In this paper I bequeath compare and contrast the manner in which one element has been adapted by the filmmakers and I will offer a hypothesis about why filmmakers make this change in addition, I will synthesize the opinions of two film critics. One significant plot element that appears in the novel and that adapted for the film version concerns Colonel Race. The character of Colonel Race in the novel is overall similarity from the film. In the novel, Colonel Race is a man who travels round the world and solving important cases for the British government. The first time he shows in the novel is in Abu Simbel when he visits the temple whereas, in the film the first time he shows in the hotel in Cairo with the first aggroup. too in the novel he has a motive for being in the boat and it is to follow signior Richetti who is a criminal and pretending to be other person with a fake job, but in the film there isnt any reason for Colonel Race to be on the bo at with them. On the other hand, there are three similarities between the novel and the film about Colonel Race character.In novel and in the film Poirot is an old friend of Colonel Race and they meet each other after a long period of time. Also in the novel and the film Colonel helps his old friend Poirot whos a detective to find out the crime and Colonel is monitoring others to catch who kills Linnet, Mrs. Otterbourne, and Miss Louise. Also in the novel and the film, there isnt any motive for Colonel to kill Linnet. But, why did the adaptors make these changes? Perhaps the film adaptors couldnt have forgotten how Colonel Race is in the book. For example, they couldnt have forgotten that Colonel Race was in the novel for a secret mission to look for a criminal named Signor Richetti. Also, they couldnt have forgotten that Colonel Race showed in the second group in half way through the trip in Abu Simbel.They may have believed that if they sequester those events in the film, they wi ll make it easily to understand what is press release in the film. Also, not to make the movie complicated by adding more events. Maybe if Colonel Race showed in the second group, he will steal the hearing attention from Jacqueline when she showed again in the second group. Also the audience will keep asking the question Whos this? in addition, Poirot will have soulfulness to talk with from the beginning of the film and to show how they are very close to each other. In addition, they didnt mention a criminal who was following by Colonel Race to catch him. Thats why they will confuse the audience because they will not know to focus on a criminal Signor Richetti himself or on the other criminal who killed Linnet, Mrs. Otterbourne, and Miss Louise. Thus, it seems likely that the film makers made their decision possibly to prevent confusion. Therefore, I think the decision to remove these events was good.Overall, the way the filmmakers changed these events is great and well thought o ut. Reactions to the writing of Anthony Shaffer by two critics appear to be almost diametrically opposed. In his 2011 contemporary review in The Stop Button, anonymous critic rates the film controvertly overall and he has some comments about writing. The anonymous critic says, The point of these Poirot films isnt of necessity the filmmaking or the writing, its the all-star cast-it must be the cast, since relatively nothing happens for the first hour. The anonymous critic thinks that Shaffer writing is not good enough and it is apparently not as strong as he was expecting. Actually, the anonymous critic seems that he doesnt enjoy the writing section. Anthony Clarke opinion in his DVD.net.au review is the same as the anonymous opinion. Clarke has some reservations about the writing he has certain comments about pecker Ustinov.Clarke says, The plot has been trimmed down from Agatha Christies original, the novel seems widely implausible. Clarkes review of Shaffers work is overall not good. At most, one might see the two opinions about Shaffers writing as negative since an anonymous critic says the word Isnt necessarily, and Anthony Clarke thinks that the writing is also negative when she says Trimmed down. The two responses to the writing of Anthony Shaffer in Death on the Nile are more similar than they are different. One major theme of the novel that I recognized and relate to is that how envy leads the person to kill others. Throughout the novel and film, Jacqueline feels envy from Linnet because she steals her fianc and marries him. Jacqueline decides to bother Linnet and destroys her spirit.Especially there are many people hate Linnet and feel envy from her because of many reasons. At the end Linnet murders by someone who feels envy from her and hates her very much. I can think of many examples of people who feel envy from others and finally the resultant is murdering them, but one example stands out strongly among all others. I knew my cousin neighbor a nd they are from Kuwait. Their neighbor called Fatima and she has three small children. One solar day Fatima husband told her that he want to marry another woman because our religion says that man can marry maximum four women. His wife Fatima cant prevent him so she kept silence all the time and her heart full of envy from her husband and the woman who will be his second wife. Her husband decided to do a small wedding party in the tent.On the day of his wedding, Fatima wanted to destroy her husband wedding party. In the middle of the wedding, she set the tent on fire by using gasoline gallons. At the end, her husband and his new wife also some other guests died because what she had done. The guard came and took her to the jail because its a murder case. So that, Fatima destroyed her life and her husband and others life because of her envy. So I suggest that people should take the life in easy way. They shouldnt feel envy about others because the result will harm and destroy them a nd others. I advise people to try to delete the envy from their hearts and to accept the reality of their life. People who feel envy from others they must know that everything in this world happens for a reason and they cant ignore their destiny and they have to accept it.Works CitedChristie, Agatha. Death on the Nile. Ed. Nancy Taylor. Harlow, England Pearson Education Limited, 2008. Print. Clarke, Anthony. Death on the Nile. DVD.net.au. DVD.net.au, n.d. Web. 24 July 2011. Death on the Nile. Dir. John Guillermin. Perf. Peter Ustinov, Lois Chiles, Mia Farrow, Simon MacCorkindale, David Niven. 1978. DVD. Anchor Bay Entertainment, 2002. Death on the Nile. The Stop Button. The Stop Button, 23 Feb. 2011. Web. 24 July 2011.

Linclon Reaction Paper Essay

On Monday November 26th I watched the recently released icon capital of Nebraska, at coupled Artists Cinema in Long Beach. capital of Nebraska was directed by Steven Spielberg and released in cinemas around the United States on November 16th, 2012. The film had a advantageously-known cast with Lincolns character was played by Daniel Day-Lewis, Mary Todd Lincoln by Sally world, William Seward by David Strathaim and Thaddeus Stevens by Tommy Lee Jones. The film was based on Doris Kearns Goodwin biography titled Team of Rival The policy-making Genius of Abraham Lincoln. After the release of the book Spielberg became fascinated with Lincolns character and gained the film rights to the book. Shortly after pre-production for the film began back in 1999.The story line is based around the last four months of President Abraham Lincolns life during his second term of his presidency. The Civil War is believed to be approach to an end and the northern states of the union continue to fight the southern confederate states in an effort to abolish slavery. The film heavily thinkes on the month of January in 1865 where Lincoln directed his efforts on waiver the thirteenth amendment to the United States Constitution through the House of Representatives. Previous to the amendment in 1963, Lincoln issued the Emancipation declaration which proclaimed all slaves in the United States to be forever free, including those men from the confederate states that were in rebellion during the war. Most people thought that the war was coming to an end within the coming months and Lincoln believed the Emancipation Proclamation would be disregarded once the war ended and peace was established. Passing the thirteenth amendment was scarce to President Lincoln as it formally and legally outlawed slavery and involuntary servitude of all peoples of the United States.Lincoln so far has been very well current and there are many elements that make the film both notable and exemplary. Many cr itics are already prophesizing Daniel Day-Lewis to be a top contention for the Academy Award for Best Actor and the film to be voted Best Picture of the course of study. Daniel Day-Lewis does a fantastic job at bringing Lincolns character to life and gives him a very likeable demur for the audience. His ability to become the character, captures the salient man that President Lincoln was. Due to the narrow focus of the story line the audience is able to grasp Lincoln in a way that is unprecedented by other story tellers. Sally Field is also very convincing in her role as Mary Todd Lincoln with an emotional nature as she mourns the loss of her young son Willie.The film is very consistent with the events of the time and paints an accurate and believable picture for the audience of life during the civil war for both soldiers and diplomats. They high schoollight how President Lincoln was a wind of change during the difficult and turbulent time during the Civil War. The film explains the importance and actual proceedings that were involved with passing of the thirteenth amendment to all viewers in a way that is enjoyable to both history buffs and younger audience members with a less detailed knowledge of the time.Although the film has been well received flaws can be observed by viewers. The story line only covers a very short space of time of the last four months of Lincolns life. It would have been interesting for the audience to have learnt more about Lincolns two terms as chairwoman. The films focuses exclusively on the passing of the thirteenth amendment and leaves out other significant achievements of Lincoln and important on goings during that period. This narrow subject area focus made the film quite sluggish for the audience. Sections of the film take careed to drag on and may have been cut out to include a larger time scale of events.The film highlighted what a owing(p) leader Lincoln was. It showed how he was strong in times of adversity and continu ed to flight for the rights of all America men. He held his moral ground on the issue of slavery and ensured that he achieved equality for African Americans. Lincoln role was important as he established America as the land of emancipation for all. At the end of the film Lincoln is assassinated. It is a sad moment in the film yet highlights the notoriety that comes with holding such a crowing position of office and that natural policy-making topics sometimes cause irrational behavior among citizens.In the wake of the recent presidential election the lessons of Lincoln seem particularly relevant. The election of President Barak Obama as the first African American president was a landmark in American politics and society. It was also a victory for the legacy of President Lincoln who emancipated colored slaves and set them free on American soil. Obamas election as president highlights the good work that Lincoln fought for and achieved with his Emancipation Proclamation and the pass ing of the thirteenth amendment.Lincoln the film is an outstanding example of how democracy can be used to achieve great things. The film highlighted that the political process can be very difficult especially when trying gain approval from both political parties on sensitive issues. The scene that follows the morning of the vote on the thirteenth amendment is very emotional as the senators each take time to cast their case-by-case vote. This highlights the importance of the individual in maintaining a democracy that is fair and representative of the peoples voices.The strong spirit and moral code that Lincoln bought to his role as president are characteristics that should be emulated by current and future presidents and members of congress in the United States. Lincoln stood behind his demand for peace with the southern states. US political leaders should strive to achieve peace with nations yet ensure that human rights abuses are not being violated by the enemy. The US should sta nd on the moral high ground to protect the freedoms of the citizens in their jurisdiction. Lincoln believed that the abolishment of slavery needed to be rooted in the law and stood behind this decision to ensure that he achieved the right outcome for the American people. US politicians must ensure that they make choices which benefit all US citizens and are of a high ethical standard.The legalization of gay marriage may be the modern equivalent to the outlaw of slavery though the thirteenth amendment in 1865. Earlier this year President Obama officially stated that he endorsed the legalization on gay marriage and that he believes homosexual couples should be able to marry in the United States. This is similar to Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation which gave indication that Lincoln personally felt slavery was cruel and inhumane. Lincolns courageous efforts for liberty are relieve being replicated within the political system. During the recent election Maryland and Maine both passed laws to legalize gay marriage and create equality. The passing of these state laws highlights a ill-treat by President Obama, US Senators and the American people to continue Lincolns legacy of creating freedom of choice for all in the United States.

Focusing, Positioning and calculating the size of cells Essay

Exercise 1 Focusing, Positioning and calculating the size of cells Under the Try This tab, complete the puzzles (P1- P6) presented to suffer the items into focus. Use the check lists to make sure you have completed all steps Under the Try This tab, complete the measurement puzzles (M1-M3) and write the answers hereM1 = __150___ micrometers at __10x__Objective Power (scale is 1 unit = __10_micrometers)M2 = __8.0____ micrometers at _ cx_____Objective Power (scale is 1 unit = _1.0__micrometers)M3 = ___2.0__ micrometers at __100x____Objective Power (scale is 1 unit = _1.0__micrometers)Exercise 2 Viewing a typed letter e with your scope.Obtain the slide with an e on it from the slide selections. Place the e slide right side up on the present with the letter e over the hole in the stage. exploitation the techniques described in the getting started tour, focus on the letter on the last(a) objective power. What do you notice about the orientation of the letter as you look through the mic roscope? In other words, how does the e position compare to how it looks on the slide when looking at the microscope? Upside down At the lowest power, what is the total ebullition of the image? 16x Adjust the position of the slide so that a portion of the letter is in the center of the masking field. Now, rotate the next higher objective in place. If the image is not clear, use only the beauteous tuning knob to adjust. At 10x, what is the total magnification of the image now? 40x At 40x, what is the total magnification of the image now?160x At 100x, what is the total magnification of the image now?400xExercise 3 Human cheek cells.Your cheeks are lined with very thin cells that can easily be removed for viewing under a microscope. These cells are called epithelial cells and they line the outside and inside of your body. Cells are small, but large enough to be viewed with a light microscope. The side by side(p) procedure shows how you would obtain these cells. However, since this is a virtual lab, the cheek cells have already been collected and stained. They are stained with methylene blue to view some sub-cellular parts. This is the real procedure, but please proceed to placing the cheek smear slide on your virtual microscope and bringing into focus. 1. Gently scrape the inside of your cheek with a toothpick.2. Using a circular pattern, spread some saliva in the middle of a slide.3. Place a small drop of stain on the saliva smear. The less stain you use, the better the results will be4. Place a cover slip on the stained smear.Knowing the objective scale in Exercise 2, estimate and record the diameter of a single cheek cell in micrometers.Diameter = ___4__________ micrometersWhat power of objective lens did you use? 100What was the total magnification?400

Indian boy Essay

The next characters to enter the play are the Mechanicals. The play is a romantic comedy. A lot of the plays comedy comes from the Mechanicals. They are a group of actors that want to fulfil a dream. This dream is to write a play good enough to perform for the Duke, which would get them their pensions. The Mechanicals are a subplot to the play and receive the action a delegacy from the chaos and gives the play a wider variety. The Mechanicals are entirely portrayed to be ambitious but most of all Bottom. His enthusiasm lightens up the mood of the play.For example, as the parts are being read out, Bottom is asked to play the part of Pyramus. He enthusiastically quizzes Peter quince about the part. When the rest of the parts are being read out, Bottom continuously interrupts and requests that he plays other parts as well as Pyramus. On one occasion, Bottom pleads, And I may hide my face, let me play Thisbe too. He then starts acting out Thisbes part in a squeaky voice, which is quit e humorous. Peter Quince appears to be a leader, as he takes the leading role of the Mechanicals.He also seems quite intelligent, as he has written a whole play. He is also directing it, showing his leadership qualities. The other Mechanical that stands to me, even though he says little, is cubby the joiner. This is because of his studying inequalities and his inability to realise that a lion does non speak. This is also quite humorous. The Hoffman form of the film shows slapstick humour at the very world-class sighting of Bottom. As Bottom is acting out one of the parts that he would like to play, a crowd gather around him. Whilst he acts, he has a big grin on his face.As the crowd grows bigger he starts acting to his audience. Two drunken men on a balcony above Bottom tip red wine everyplace Bottom. This provokes a laugh from the audience and wipes the grin off Bottoms face. After reading the play, this does not appeal to me as Bottom, as he is not one to get upset over a p ractical joke. I think that the Noble version shows more slapstick comedy than the Hoffman version. The most noticeable event being the moment that Titania and Bottom share on Titanias huge umbrella. Bottom makes noises of an ass and I found this very funny.I prefer the Bottom on the Noble version of the film, as he is louder and more active. He is what I would call a slapstick comedian. He has more character about him. On the Hoffman version, Bottom gets upset about a practical joke. I could not see this happening with the Bottom on the Noble version. Athens is a society that believes in law and order, which an Elizabethan audience would receive homelike viewing. Law and order are mainly demonstrated in the first scene of the play, where Hermia is being told to respect her fathers wishes or face the consequences.Hermias father was willing to see his daughter die if she did not respect his wishes. This also demonstrates proponent, as Hermias father has the power to control her. I n the Hoffman version, right clothing is also used to show who is the more powerful. The need for power in the fairy world causes trouble in the mortal world. What ever happens in the fairy world has a direct effect on the mortal world. For example, when Titania and Oberon are arguing over a small Indian boy, at that place are storms in the mortal world. Oberon demonstrates his need for power by requesting that he has the small Indian boy.He does not need the boy for anything but wants to take the boy from Titania to prove that he can and show that he is more powerful than her. The fairy world seems to be put outed in the way that Puck fails to carry out Oberons instructions correctly, as he put the turn in juice on Lysanders eyes rather than Demetrius. Also, disorder is shown by Oberon doing anything he can to get the Indian boy, not caring what harm he is causing. For example, Oberon is willing to make Titania fall in love with Bottom, with an asss head, in order to get the In dian boy.In the Noble version of the film, when Titania and Oberon are arguing, bubbles are transporting fairies around. The boy is blowing these bubbles into the toy theatre, which has reappeared in his dream. One of the bubbles shows a reflection of this boy dressed as an Indian. To me, this implies that in the boys life, his parents represented by Titania and Oberon, could be arguing over him. In this case Titania and Oberon are arguing over an Indian boy, which appears to be the boy whose dream it is. Shakespeare uses language to create the fairy world by describing natures beauty.Describing nature creates the feel of a world we do not know much about. Shakespeare uses phrases such as, Swifter than the moons sphere and To dew her orbs upon the viridity. Orbs create the feeling of jewels, like jewels of a king or queen. Orbs also create the feeling of power, which is shown so much in the fairy world. Moonlight re-affirms the shadow and dreamy theme of the play. We only see the fairy world during times of darkness in the two film versions of the play. The orbs and green to me create little fairies scintillation like orbs in a green forest.Such description is important because in Elizabethan times, special effects and settings were unavailable. Shakespeare must concentrate on the power of the mind. He uses such descriptive words so that the audience can imagine the set, scenery and feeling of the play. Adrian Noble meets the challenge of creating another realm by implementing surreal situations. He starts off by using bubbles to carry fairies. He also uses light bulbs to create stars. Because this isnt what we are used to seeing, it makes us feel like we have entered something different to our world.

Back Pain Causes Effects Health And Social Care Essay

If you stomach linchpin botheration, you argon non entirely. Millions of people every twenty-four hours argon enduring with contrasting types and grades of back cause to be perceived that interferes with work, everyday day-to-day activities, or diversion. Back suffering is rather common today as it has become ordinary like if you be enduring from common cold, but we need to cognize about the causes of back hurting to pass over out the job from its roots. Back hurting makes the individualistic re in ally compromising as the victim has to curtail his actions. It hampers the normal life and it is besides really frustrating. There argon several causes of back hurting which are similar in symptoms to each other but a infinitesimal analysis merchant ship pay heedant you to understand the type of back hurting you are enduring from. The cause of back hurting can be for many grounds overexertion of motion and activities that leads to twist or strive, trauma to the dorsum, fleshine ss, weight addition during maternalism, or so businesss and degenerative diseases such as arthritis or osteoporosis. Symptoms may run from musculus aching to hiting or knifing hurting, limited flexibleness or scope of gesture, or an unfitness to stand directly. Trouble can be fixed at the right clip if we understand the existent cause of the job. Ignorance makes the job all the really unholy as back hurting should neer be ignored.Back Pain Causes and EffectssOur spinal anesthesia cord at the dorsum is a complex construction. It is composed of 33 vertebras and more than 30 musculuss. It has a batch of ligaments, inter-verbal phonograph record and multiple articulations. The complex construction of humbleder dorsum means that even little sums of ill-use to any portion of the lumbar part can do a batch of hurting and discomfort.The start back, serves a figure of of import maps for the human entire structure. These maps include structural support, motion, and protection of au thoritative organic structure tissues. When we stand, the lower dorsum is working to keep most of the weight of the organic structure. When we bend, extend or rotate at the waist, the lower dorsum is involved in the motion. Therefore, hurt to the constructions of import for weight bearing, such as the bony spinal column, musculuss, sinews, and ligaments, frequently can be detected when the organic structure is standing erect or used in assorted motions.Deyo RA and Tsui-Wu YJ, ( 1987 ) said that, Back hurting is integrity of the most common jobs impacting all people and it is the largest cause of work- related to absence.It can come on all of a sudden or bend by bit and may impact any genius, irrespective of age, but it is more common in people who are between 35 and 55 old ages of age ( p.264 ) . spell it is clear that most people exit see back hurting in their life, it is non ever clear why. aaAIn day-to-day life low back hurting is characterized by the fact that it comes and goes with a changing figure of backslidings and hurting strength. Time periods of betterment frequently slide into each other, sometimes with episodes of sharp-worded exasperation ( Ahn NU, Buchowski JM, Garret ES, Sieber AN, Kostuik JP, 2000, p.1515 ) . The causes of back hurting scope from musculus strains and ligament sprains, to joint jobs and slipped phonograph record, to hapless position and unsounded lifting. Other hazard factors are related to lifestyle, for illustration smoke, considerable corpulence, writhing, humdrum work, quiver of the whole organic structure, and dissatisfaction at work. Everyone s dorsum hurting is different and it is frequently difficult to nail hardly what causes the hurting.The common cause of back strivings is due to assorted musculus strains or sprains.A low back musculus strain occurs when the musculus fibres are abnormally stretched or torn. A lumbar sprain occurs when the ligaments are torn from their fond regards. These musculuss, ligamen ts, and castanetss all work together to supply control and strength for about all activities.When the lumbar spinal column is strained or sprained, redness of the soft-tissues is consequences. For this ground, the lumbar spinal column is prone to injury, and when an hurt has been sustained, we are prevented from executing many activities. Peoples are frequently surprised at how painful and enfeebling a lumbar strain or sprain can be. They frequently wedge individual to duty tour in bed for a twenty-four hours or two, and can do intermittent symptoms for hebdomads. Some people are wholly recovered from an episode of lumbar musculus strain or sprain within one to two hebdomads and if the hurting does non lessen after one month, so it may be well(predicate) to see a doctor.Another common cause of back strivings is fleshiness. Obesity is an highly common status worldwide and it is one of several lifestyle factors that have been suspected of doing lower back hurting. From a public we llness position, it would be of import to cognize if lifestyle factors, such as bodyweight, play an of import track down in its generation ( Leboeuf-Yde, 2000, p.226 ) . Over the past decennary the prevalence of fleshiness has risen by 50 % , with the greatest addition in morbid or terrible fleshiness. An of import thing to observe is that the back castanetss that has to bear the weight of the whole organic structure. With all this information on the prevalence of fleshiness and associated diseases, one might infer that fleshiness can be a important beginning of back hurting.Overweight puts the back bone under much force per unit area which frequently consequences in intense back hurting and transporting excess weight will set an excess strain on the lower dorsum excess weight puts added force per unit area on the spinal column, which can do hurting. It has long been known that a rise in organic structure weight consequences in a geometric addition in the force per unit area on t he spinal column. For those who are morbidly corpulent, the hurt to the spinal column is even greater. There are some simple things can be done to cut down back hurting that is aggravated by fleshiness. It is rather common for physicians to rede their patients to meet weight, either for the intent of cut downing back hurting or to forestall it.Yet other cause of back strivings is the business and bad position. Any business that requires the employee to take part in bending, raising, long periods of sitting or driving, such as nursing, building, charge handling, and mill work can add to the increased hazard of developing a back ailment. Chafin DB and Andersson GB ( 1991 ) said that In many occupations heavy or frequent lifting, forceful motion and carrying of heavy tonss complicated by clumsy organic structure position are day-to-day elements of required undertakings. If the nub is excessively heavy or the frequence of raising exceeds the tolerance, hurts to the dorsum can be t he effect .Three work-related factors are associated with increased hazard of back hurting and hurt, first factor is force. Exerting excessively much force on the dorsum may do hurt. If the occupation is physical in nature, the employee might confront hurt if he often lift or travel heavy objects. The 2nd factor is repeat which refers to the figure of times the individual execute a certain motion. Excessively repetitive undertakings can take to muscle fatigue or hurt, peculiarly if they involve stretching to the bound of the scope of gesture or awkward organic structure positioning. The last factor is posture which refers to the place when posing, standing or executing a undertaking. If, for case, the individual spends most of his clip in forepart of a computing machine, he may see occasional achings and strivings from sitting still for extended periods. On norm, the organic structure can digest beingness in one place for about 20 proceedingss before he experience the demand to set. There for we can forestall these jobs by making rule-governed exercising, avoiding standing or sitting for a long period of clip.For adult females, back hurting is ineluctable during gestation and most pregnant adult females will endure with back hurting during their gestation. Most of the clip the hurting in gestation is related and symptoms will lessen one time the babe has been born. The good turn uterus and babe cause many alterations in the organic structure and back aching can be a side-effect of these alterations. Turning womb may besides do back hurting if it is pressing on a nervus. A difference in endocrine degrees can do musculuss and ligaments to go more relaxed, particularly during the last few months as the organic structure is acquiring ready for labour. The weight of the babe can ensue in a higher(prenominal) grade of curvature of the lower spinal column, intending ligaments and musculuss must accommodate and sometimes can experience strained. The Centre of gr avitation will be easy modify besides, maintaining a house base with pess shoulder width apart will assist to antagonize this.The best method of forestalling back hurting during gestation is to be physically fit and active before construct occurs. Strong abdominal musculuss and a supple and flexible frame will all assist forestall general achings and strivings during gestation. When pregnant, it is of import to alter place on a regular basis and rest at frequent intervals to avoid musculus weariness and general fatigue.Furthermore, it is said that when we get old back hurting can catch us easy. For many of us, several things begin to go on to our spinal columns as we age, there is a lessening in bone strength and musculus snap and tone. The phonograph record Begin to dry out and digest flexibleness, diminishing their ability to buffer the vertebrae. This is non ever a bad thing, since phonograph record that are less full of fluid are less possible to tear. aaADegenerative alterat ions ( including damaged phonograph record, arthritis and osteoporosis ) are, patho-anatomically, the most common lesions associated with and presumptively the most of import cause of back hurting ( Bogduk N,1997 ) . Our vertebrae Begin to inspissate, and our discs start to lose wet and form, arthritis and osteoporosis may go on. As a consequence, the spinal canal becomes narrower, seting force per unit area on the spinal cord and nervus terminations and doing hurting, numbness, or failing in the organic structure, this status is called spinal stricture and it is most normally seen in older patients. We can forestall this by eating a balanced diet rich in Ca and vitamin D, weight-bearing exercisings, following a healthy life style and eventually to take medicines to better bone dumbness when appropriate.In Conclusion, back hurting is non a disease but a configuration of symptoms that normally is acute and self-limited but some causes are chronic, physiological and psychological. Coping with back hurting is the biggest obstruction to betterment. Back hurting may impact the quality of life and curtail the activity and placing the cause for each guinea pig is indispensable for bar and direction. In most instances of back pain the dorsum will mend itself, and remaining active and go oning with the usual activities will usually advance healing.The badness of back hurting does non ever correlate with the badness of the hurt or harm, but there are some things can be done to forestall low back hurting and they can fix for faster recovery. Exercise plans that include aerophilic conditioning and beef uping exercisings can assist in cut downing the return of low back hurting maintain the back healthy and strong. For occupational back hurting, employee demands to larn how to raise objects safely to protect his dorsum. Standing position is besides of import there for while standing the ears, shoulders, hips, and articulatio genuss should be in line with one another. Eating a alimentary diet is of import to acquire plentifulness of Ca, P, and vitamin D which may forestall osteoporosis, which can take to compaction breaks and low back pain.Finally intervention for back hurting will normally depend on the implicit in cause of the status and if the hurting still continuity is of import to seek health check advice so that a right diagnosing can be reached and appropriate intervention can be given.

Helping the street children Essay

Poverty, health and nutrition, and the lack of recover to education ar the challenges that are linked each(prenominal) other, facing us and become horrible nightmares for the government, and of course children at this time. And nowadays, those nightmares haunt Indonesia, metropolis of Indonesia the capital city for exact. The challenges are come up by the pauperisation. within the scantiness, malnutrition and the lack of access to education happened badly. chelaren, as the innocent parties, also have to feel the restores. Poor children will become the poverty conservationists.Poor conditions in childishness will only lead to a slower cognitive growth, stunted physical and limited access. Jobs that can be achieved with low education is also really limited. Therefore reduction of poverty might be with child(p) and long-term impact when the roots of the problems of poverty such as ugly nutrition, education, improved tone of life can be made since the early. No matter how many individual and anecdotal exceptions there may be, the fact remains that the children of the poor exclusively do not have the same opportunities as the children of non-poor.Whether measured by physical and mental evolution, health and survival rates, educational achievement or jobs, prospects, incomes or life expectancies, those who spend their childhood in poverty of income and expectation are at a marked and measurable disadvantage. Economic and political conditions often do getting an education impossible for children. Families may require their kids to take form so that they have decorous money to survive or even sell their children for labor, sex, or adoption because money is too tight.In other cases, obligatory school fees may prove prohibitive. Discrimination, attacks on secular schools, displacement as a conduce of war or persecution, and other conditions are often to blame. Poverty and prosperity are the two words that opposing each other. Poverty shows the distre ss and unprivileged situations, tour the prosperity shows a luxurious and affluent situations. Traveling Jakarta, everyone can see the luxurious cars like Mercedes-Benz or Hammer along the road, and at the same time, beggars sex their hands, asking for attend to.The contrast between poor and rich is very pronounced in this very interesting megalopolis. Despite a robust economic growth, Jakarta is still a place of poverty. There is no doubt that the poverty is an intractable problem in Indonesia. Problems associated with poverty is the effect of the poverty for the growth and development of childrens lives as they are called to work. In Jakarta, so many school-age children spend most of their time for begging and busking. Most of them started to be beggars and buskers since the age of under five.They were coerce to leave the school for work, to provide themselves and help the family economy. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989, has conveyed that there are a number of rights of children should be guaranteed and effectuate by the state, which every child has the right to be born, to have a name and nationality to have a family who loved and to love, to live in the community safe, nonviolent and healthy environment, to get enough healthy food. The deprived of these basic childrens rights causing the growth process of the children stunted.One of the emerging social problems in Indonesia, oddly in the Jakarta, is the increase of the children as beggars and buskers along the channels, even in the roads. According to the proves of a survey of social welfare problems conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics and Ministry of complaisant Affairs in 2000, the estimate of the number of the street children is about 50,000 children comprising 83% males and 17% females. According to the same observation, Prasadja and Agustian reported street children in Jakarta time-honored 13-15 years by 40% and 16-18 years by 30%.From those who ha d dropped out of school around 60% to 70% do not want to go back to school with a variety of reasons, specifically ashame because already mature, and prefer work to help parents. Meanwhile, the information from the Department of Social in 2005 also shows that overmuch than 1,1 million toddlers are spend most of their times along the roads and the total amount of street children in Jakarta are 3. 3 million. This large population of street children causing of the strength of the street fascination.According to the ChildFund Indonesia, in 2010, these children were taking to the streets only to help their parents. The streets become the easiest locations to looking for work because it requires no capital and skills. The other problem in Jakartas many slums is child malnutrition. Most residents of the neighborhoods dont have kitchens or cooking supplies to prepare their get meals, so they purchase cheap street food that is usually high in fat and sugar, but low in protein and nutrient s.As a result of this poor diet, at least 17% of children throughout the city suffer from acute malnutrition, as well as anemia and stunted growth. That percentage is much higher in the slum neighborhoods where poor families are concentrated. The child poverty really needs serious attentions. This country doesnt have an accurate data of children poverty population. However, if the percentage of the poverty reaches 39% or around 40 millions of the total population, means that the total poor children has a larger amount.The poverty of children unresolved in the amount of information street children, dropped out of school, malnutrition, child prostitution, children trafficking and child labor. The possible causes of the child poverty that related to the health and nutrition of the children and the lack of access to education are 1) the low wages, contrary to more or less stereotypes, 56% of children in poverty have a parent who works full-time, according to Robert Fellmeth, Price pr ofessor of Public Interest Law at the University of San Diego School of Law and executive director of the Childrens Advocacy Institute.A full 28% have parents who work part-time and only 16% of parents are unemployed. Generally these parents work in low-wage jobs with few benefits and no room for advancement. Though parents work, the wages are not enough to support their families so children live in poverty 2) single parenthood, is that children living in single-parent families, particularly those headed by women, are much more likely to be poor. On average, women earn less than men, reducing their ability to support a family. Two-parent families also have twice the income potential as single-parent families.This effect can be lessened if the father contributes child support 3) parental education, according to NCCP, children whose parents do not have a high school diploma are more likely to live in poverty. In fact, 83% of children with parents who did not graduate from high school live in poverty. The importance of good policy and initial favorable conditions has been identified as the main factors contributing to poverty reduction during the pre-crisis plosive speech sound in Indonesia. There were four main important policies and programs devised by the new-sprung(prenominal) order government (1969-1998).First, the rice policy, which subsequently led to Indonesias attainment of rice self-sufficiency in 1984, was one of the important factors that had a lasting impact on alleviating poverty. Second, during the oil boom in 1970s, the government made substantial allocations to the social and human resource development sectors, as well as to canalize infrastructure. It was during this period that the government implemented the expansion of primary schools (SD INPRES) and health centers (PUSKESMAS) to ensure wide access to these basic social services for the poor society.Also during this period the government established the INPRES funding system, which allows direct grants from the center to the regions. Third, the government ensured that particular social sectors were protected within the development budget, primarily by utilizing the INPRES mechanism. Fourth, labor intensifier projects, which have long been part of the governments efforts to stimulate employment and income during tough economic times. But why does Jakarta still have the Child Poverty problems about the Lack of Access to Education and Health? Not all of those organizations ran properly.Some of them are proceeded improperly. Some of them are troubled with the committees, additional costs, bribery, violence, and so forth It is because the government does not look after it. They were just made the organizations, leave it, then entrusted to the committees. Virtually, not all the committees work inappropriately, but some of them are still, and unsettling the poor society. The central government and the regional should run the programs seriously in order to solve the povert y problems and improve the education level and health of street children in Jakarta.The government should send some new teachers to the schools for street children (SD INPRES). Teachers who are not just smart or knowledgeable, but the teachers who have the soul of idealism to help improve the education quality of the street children, not really far to left behind the rich children. The teachers should also required to to attend training first, to march the street children, who probably are very different than the usual children, in terms of behavior, character, politeness. Yet, it should not be resolved with violence.They should give them a fit attention, because someday they will become the future successors. In addition, the government should establish an organization of art and music for the street children and send some teachers who are experts in the in that parts. Rep swallowedly, not just anyone. Only selected teachers who can teach them, have a strong soul of idealism about street children, enough patience, to bring the street children become more intense and make a lot of satisfactory artworks and wonderful pieces of musical.The teachers have to take the children down to the competitions, contests, or talent shows to make them enthustiastic for develop their talents. For the health centers (PUSKESMAS), the problems are not very different with SD INPRES, but in additional their big fault is that the PUSKESMAS is just waiting for the patients. Some of the doctors and nurses should visit the poverty society routinely, especially the children. Because, some of them might cant come to the PUSKESMAS causing the distance, transportation, or strength to keep themselves along the way to the PUSKESMAS.Children and the elderly are the first parties that must be handled after the emergency patients then followed by adults patients. The other solution, is that the government should encourage the society, especially the poverty society, to make some latrines, re compense the broken sanitation facilities, provide the mosquito nets and clean water. Also the government should appeal the people to implement the healthy life. For children, country, and the future. The fatal faults of adults, impact to the children. Nowadays, they have to face some big problems that they musnt face.Innocent faces, should dropped out from school because of costs and fees, do not eat healthy food or even rare to eat because of the lack of money to buy the healthy food, working along the streets under the blazing sun, while the other children sitting on the chairs at school at the same time. Dropped out from school, leaving the dreams. Some of their parents made those faults, made the poverty. The laziness, mischiefs and riots when they were still in youths built a big problem, failure that making bankrupts and end with poverty.regret comes late, so make it never happen. Parents who are failed in the term economy, ought not be fail at the family harmony and guidin g children. Make them become deserving persons in the future, that lead the country becomes better and also decrease the rate of poverty in Indonesia, not only in Jakarta even the world. For the government, they should give out the agricultural assets, including land, and more access for the poor to better education and health facilities must be given as the first priority in poverty alleviation policies.No doubt, the poor are better off when the government gives more focus and run the functional organizations responsibility.Bibliography UNICEF Innocenti Research Center (2000, June). Innocenti Report Card, military issue No. 1 A League Table of Child Poverty in Rich Nations. Retrieved from http//www. unicef-irc. org/publications/pdf/repcard1e. pdf The World Bank in collaboration with UNICEF (2009). UNICEF Publications Abolishing School Fees in Africa Lessons from Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, and Mozambique. Retrieved from http//www.unicef. org/publications/index_49325. html R ichards, Jill (2007).The eHow Health The Causes of Child Poverty. Retrieved from http//www. ehow. com/about_5375005_causes-child-poverty. html Ruslan, Kadir (2011, August 20). Jakarta, Kota Bercampurnya Kemakmuran dan Kemiskinan (Jakarta, the City of the Mixed of Prosperity and Poverty). Retrieved from http//sosbud. kompasiana. com/2011/08/20/jakarta-kota-bercampurnya-kemakmuran-dan-kemiskinan/ Tambunan, Tulus. Urban Poverty and Social Safety Net in Indonesia.Research Institute, Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (LP3E-Kadin Indonesia). Retrieved from http//web. mac. com/adrianpanggabean/Loose_Notes_on_Indonesia/Poverty_files/tambunan%20urban%20poverty. pdf Lesmana, Teddy (2008). Sriwijaya Post The Impacts of the Child Poverty. Retrieved from http//palembang. tribunnews. com/26/07/2010/dampak-kemiskinan-pada-anak Juliarny, Amalia and Erna Dewi Kusuma Ningrum (2011, September 8). Journal PsycheThe Efforts of Improving Achievements of the Street Children at Rumah Singgah, Buk it Duri, South Jakarta.Retrieved from http//blog. binadarma. ac. id/Amalia/? p=19 Emanuela, Maria (2010, May). Poverty is Affecting the 9 Years Study Programs. Retrieved from http//mariaemanuela19. blogspot. com/2010/05/kemiskinan-mempengaruhi-wajib-belajar-9_14. html Rukmana, Deden (April 8, 2007). Indonesias Urban Studies Urban Poverty and variety in Jakarta. Retrieved from http//indonesiaurbanstudies. blogspot. com/2007/04/urban-poverty-and-inequality-in-jakarta. html.

Apple Is Expanding Its Distribution Channels

apple is Expanding its Distribution Channels Cliff Edwards of Business Week harped on conflicts with vivacious dealers such as CompUSA and Sears, quoting CompUSAs Lawrence N. Mondry, who decl atomic number 18d, When you choose to compete with your sellers, clearly thats non a comfortable situation. Mondry could book been describing the take in mack buyers had when they stepped into to the highest degree CompUSA stores. It was even worse at Sears.Realizing that they were being held oer a barrel by hulking retailers that were utilize to c every last(predicate)ing the shots with reckoner OEMs and frequently provided a horrible purchasing environment for orchard apple tree products, the lodge did what it had to and took control of dispersal. orchard apple tree retail stores would give the company the opportunity to leapfrog past computeence on opposite retailers. Daniel T. Niles of Lehman Brothers also saw the possibilities, telling mackintoshWorld, apple has the abi lity to start attracting unexampled customers with the launch of their higher-end retail store strategy. You cant mention the surge in Mac sales without touching on the Halo Effect of the iPod. orchard apple tree made the iTunes/iPod combination available for Windows users. That move created several(prenominal) cutting diffusion opportunities for apple. First, it gave Windows users the opportunity to try orchard apple tree products without having to take the frightening plunge into the world of macintosh. apple finall(a)y had gravel to a vast pool of Windows users it had previously been unavailing to touch. Second, it open(a) up a secondary securities industryplace for iPod accessories and tie-ins.Had the iPod merely been available for Macintosh users, a secondary commercialize would have developed, but it would have been a good deal, much smaller. apple would never have been able to strike deals with auto manufacturers, for example. The connector on the bottom of twain iPod (except the shuffle) became the point of entry to an incredible array of third- dividey products, and as that foodstuff grew, the iPod rapidly became the de facto standard man-portable multimedia system device. Third, it gave the iTunes lay in a tremendous head start.While a digital music store is clever in itself, none of the previously-existing stores had made much of a dent in consumer behavior. They didnt operate curiously well with Windows-based MP3 players, and they didnt offer broad enough music libraries. Apple struck deals with all the study labels and created a store that provided an easy, addictingly-convenient interface and seamless desegregation with the iPod. As the universe of purchased iPods grew, so did the market for the iTunes Store. The integration of iPod and iTunes also created a gestalt effect as Apple moved beyond music.Just as the Apple retail stores bypassed middlemen, the iTunes/iPod combination created a direct link between Apple and it s customers. As Apple adds more(prenominal) capabilities to the iTunes Store, and does the aforesaid(prenominal) with the iPod, the two should continue to energize each other, provided Apple rolls out the right kinds of features. In 2001 Apple Computer has been taken a decision to open a series of retail stores that would display their finished line of Apple computer products, softw atomic number 18 and peripherals. Part of the decision, Apples declining share of the computer market. Now the company has undefendable over 130 stores, including in Japan, Canada and the UK.Its latest annual report states that they exit continue capital expenditures for retail operations, indicating that they have a long-term strategy for opening more stores. Apple Computer Store Products hardware It includes, iMac, Mac Mini, iBook, Mac Book, Mac Book Pro, iPod, Apple Cinema Displays, Airport Cards, iSight, Apple accessories etc. These are purchased from the Apple Store Online or by the phone. App le Software It includes iLife, iWork application bundles, Mac OS X, videodisk Studio Pro, FinalCut Pro, and other miscellaneous Apple software titles.Third Party Software It is made for Mac OS X, such as productivity software, design software, utilities, games much everything new that has been released for Mac OS X. make out Third Party Accessories In this Apple ranges starts from Apple notebooks and iPod sleeves to speakers, printers, scanners, memory upgrades, and digital cameras. In Apple Store there are two types, those are Retail store Online store The Apple Store, Regent Street, London, UK, is part of a chain of retail stores possess and operated by Apple Inc. , dealing in computers and consumer electronics.As of April 2008, Apple has opened 209 stores, including 181 in 37 US states, 15 in the UK (14 in England, 1 in Scotland), seven-spot in Japan, and 4 in Canada. Recently, Apple opened its first store in continental atomic number 63, in Rome in Italy. In 2008, Apple wil l be opening 3 Australian stores, 1 located in Melbourne and 2 in Sydney. This store is the first Apple Store in Europe. It opened in autumn 2004 Will Apples stainless steel architecture have to take a solid ground to the historic buildings of other countries? In Japan, Apple uses English almost exclusively.But other countries may not embrace English, preferring to see their own language used in store signage. Apple will have to balance the equal of constructing a store, recruiting a suitable staff, and in operation(p) the store against the potential revenues, which in turns depends upon the demoed Macintosh community, median income, bullion trends and general retailing environment just like at home Apples centralized and extremely consumer oriented approach to mobile software distribution is revolutionary My crease is that its revolutionary in the same way the iPod and iTunes were revolutionary.Basi environy, the formula is similar to why Apple succeeded w/ the iPod and iTune s despite competition from manufacturers like Sony, ancient models for music distribution, and applied science inept publishers Apples root take the carriers out of the picture and give the developers a low cost or zero cost distribution channel Jobs began Apples turnaround with the 2001 introduction of the iPod, which defined and then dominated the portable-music-player marketand which became central to the resuscitation of Apples computer line.The Mac, once derided as a toy, today is the best ad hominem computer on the pla utmost, period. And the iPhone is the best voguish phone. Nothing else comes close. As of the third quarter of 2008, Apples iPhone was outselling the Research in MotionBlackBerry, even though the iPhone had been in the market for only 15 months. When measured by revenues, Apple has become the worlds third-largest mobile-phone maker, behind Nokia and Samsung. All this is happening just as mobile devices are poised to become the most important computing platfor m. same or similar products.Strategic management, level integration is a theory of ownership and control. It is a strategy used by a business or corporation that seeks to sell one type of product in numerous markets. To get this market coverage, several small subsidiary companies are created. Each markets the product to a different market segment or to a different geographical area. This is sometimes referred to as the horizontal integration of selling. The horizontal integration of doing is where a firm has plants in several locations producing similar products. Apple is leader on the MP3 player market.Dynamic approach history of a firm can excuse its leader position. In my example, Apple innovates with its couple iPod+iTunes and keeps the leadership since Some points of its strategy are astonishing because they locution similar as Apple strategy for PC. Apple doesnt privation to licence its own DRM, so if you want buy a song on internet for your iPod you have to go to the iTu nesMuciStore and to listen this song at present on a MP3 player you must have an iPod (some consumers lodge a complaint against Apple). So, Apple does the same thing for its MP3 player than the computers about twenty years ago.Short term Apple wins but the market make ups and we cant k immediately how this leadership will progress and if Apple would change its strategy. The theory of games can help us to understand this choice and the risks. Installed firms are Stackelberg leader on the market, the potential entrance adapt its quantity. (Bain, J. (1968) Apple Inc. and its in all owned subsidiaries design, manufacture, and market in-person computers, portable digital music players, and mobile talk devices, and sell heterogeneous related software, services, peripherals, and networking solutions.The company sells its products worldwide by its online stores, its retail stores, its direct sales compact, and third-party wholesalers, resellers, and value-added resellers. In additi on, it sells various third-party Macintosh, iPod, and iPhone matched products, including application software, printers, storage devices, speakers, headphones, and various other accessories and peripherals by its online and retail stores, and digital content through with(predicate) the iTunes Store.The company sells its products to consumer, small and mid-sized business, education, enterprise, government, and creative customers. As of December 27, 2008, it had 251 retail stores. Apple Inc. , formerly known as Apple Computer, Inc. , was founded in 1976. The company is headquartered in Cupertino, California political party Background Apple Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively Apple or the guild) design, manufacture, and market personal computers, portable digital music players, and mobile dialogue devices and sell a transmutation f related software, services, peripherals, and networking solutions. The familiarity sells its products worldwide through its online stores, its retail stores, its direct sales force, and third-party wholesalers, resellers, and value-added resellers. In addition, the fraternity sells a variety of third-party Macintosh (Mac), iPod and iPhone compatible products, including application software, printers, storage devices, speakers, headphones, and various other accessories and peripherals through its online and retail stores, and digital content through the iTunes Store.The telephoner sells to consumer, small and mid-sized business (SMB), education, enterprise, government, and creative customers. The orders fiscal year is the 52 or 53-week period that ends on the last Saturday of phratry. Unless otherwise stated, all information presented in this Form 10-K is based on the orders fiscal calendar. Business dodging The familiarity is committed to bringing the best personal computing, portable digital music and mobile communication experience to consumers, students, educators, businesses, and government agencies through its innovative hardware, software, peripherals, services, and Internet offerings.The communitys business strategy leverages its odd ability to design and develop its own direct system, hardware, application software, and services to provide its customers new products and solutions with original ease-of-use, seamless integration, and innovative industrial design. The telephoner believes unremitting investment in look for and development is critical to the development and enhancement of innovative products and technologies.In addition to evolving its personal computers and related solutions, the political party continues to capitalize on the convergence of the personal computer, digital consumer electronics and mobile communications by creating and refining innovations, such as the iPod, iPhone, iTunes Store, and Apple TV. The federation desires to underpin a community for the development of third-party products that complement the Companys offerings through its dev eloper programs.The Company offers various third-party software applications and hardware accessories for Mac computers, iPods and iPhones through its retail and online stores, as well as software applications for the iPhone platform through its iTunes App Store. The Companys strategy also includes expanding its distribution network to in effect reach more of its targeted customers and provide them with a high-quality sales and post-sales support experience. Consumer and Small and Mid-Sized BusinessThe Company believes a high-quality buying experience with knowledgeable salespersons who can convey the value of the Companys products and services greatly enhances its ability to attract and retain customers. The Company sells umpteen of its products and resells genuine third-party products in most of its major markets straight off to consumers and businesses through its retail and online stores. The Company has also invested in programs to enhance reseller sales, including the Apple Sales Consultant Program, which places Apple employees and contractors at selected third-party reseller locations.The Company believes providing direct contact with its targeted customers is an efficient way to demonstrate the advantages of its Mac computers and other products over those of its competitors. At the end of fiscal 2008, the Company had opened a total of 247 retail stores, including 205 stores in the U. S. and a total of 42 stores internationally. The Company has representatively located its stores at high-traffic locations in quality shopping malls and urban shopping districts. A goal of the Companys retail business is to expand its installed base through sales to customers who currently do not already own the Companys products.By operating its own stores and locating them in desirable high-traffic locations, the Company is better positioned to control the customer buying experience and attract new customers. The stores are designed to simplify and enhance the presen tation and marketing of the Companys products and related solutions. To that end, retail store configurations have evolved into various sizes in order to accommodate market-specific demands. The stores employ undergo and knowledgeable personnel who provide product advice, service, and training.The stores offer a wide selection of third-party hardware, software, and various other accessory products and peripherals selected to complement the Companys own products. Business Organization The Company manages its business chiefly on a geographic basis. The Companys reportable operating segments consist of the Americas, Europe, Japan, and Retail. The Americas, Europe, and Japan reportable segments do not include activities related to the Retail segment. The Americas segment includes both North and South America.The Europe segment includes European countries as well as the Middle East and Africa. The Retail segment operates Apple-owned retail stores in the U. S. and in international marke ts. Each reportable geographic operating segment and the Retail operating segment provide similar hardware and software products and similar services. Further information regarding the Companys operating segments may be found in Part II, The Company has signed multi-year agreements with various cellular network carriers authorizing them to distribute and provide cellular network services for iPhone 3G in over 70 countries.These agreements are generally not exclusive with a specific carrier, except in the U. S. , U. K. , France, Germany, Spain, Ireland, and certain other countries. The Company expects to ship iPhone 3G in over 70 countries by the end of calendar year 2008. Markets and Distribution The Companys customers are primarily in the consumer, SMB, education, enterprise, government, and creative markets. The Company distributes its products through wholesalers, resellers, national and regional retailers, and cataloguers. No individual customer accounted for more than 10% of n et sales in 2008, 2007, or 2006.The Company also sells many of its products and resells certain third-party products in most of its major markets directly to customers through its own sales force and retail and online stores. Significant portions of the Companys Mac computers, iPods, iPhones, logic boards, and other assembled products are manufactured by outsourcing partners, primarily in various parts of Asia. A strong concentration of this outsourced manufacturing is currently performed by only a few of the Companys outsourcing partners, often in single locations.Certain of these outsourcing partners are the sole-sourced suppliers of components and manufacturing outsourcing for many of the Companys differentiate products, including but not limited to final assembly of substantially all of the Companys portable Mac computers, iPods, iPhones and most of the Companys iMacs. Although the Company works close with its outsourcing partners on manufacturing schedules, the Companys opera ting terminuss could be uncomelyly affected if its outsourcing partners were unable to meet their production commitments.The Companys purchase commitments typically cover its requirements for periods ranging from 30 to 150 days. Foreign and Domestic trading operations and Geographic Data The U. S. represents the Companys largest geographic marketplace. Approximately 57% of the Companys net sales in 2008 came from sales to customers inside the U. S. Final assembly of the Companys products is currently performed in the Companys manufacturing facility in Ireland, and by external vendors in California, the Republic of Korea (Korea), the Peoples Republic of China (China) and the Czech Republic.Currently, the supply and manufacture of many critical components is performed by sole-sourced third-party vendors in the U. S. , China, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, and Singapore. Sole-sourced third-party vendors in China perform final assembly of substantially all of the Companys portable products, including MacBook Pro, MacBook, MacBook Air, iPods, iPhone, and most of the Companys iMacs.Margins on sales of the Companys products in strange countries, and on sales of products that include components obtained from unconnected suppliers, can be adversely affected by outside currency diversify rate fluctuations and by international trade regulations, including tariffs and antidumping penalties. The Companys operations and performance depend significantly on worldwide economic contours Global markets for personal computers, digital music devices, mobile communication devices, and related peripherals and services are highly competitive and subject to rapid technological change.If the Company is unable to compete effectively in these markets, its financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected. The Company competes in global markets that are highly competitive and characterized by aggressive price cutting, with its resulting downward drag on gross margins, frequent introduction of new products, short product life cycles, evolving industry standards, continual improvement in product price/performance characteristics, rapid adoption of technological and product advancements by competitors, and price sensitivity on the part of consumers.The Companys ability to compete successfully depends to a great extent on its ability to ensure a continuing and timely introduction of new innovative products and technologies to the marketplace. The Company believes it is unique in that it designs and develops nearly the entire solution for its personal computers, consumer electronics, and mobile communication devices, including the hardware, operating system, several software applications, and related services.As a result, the Company must make significant investments in research and development and as such, the Company currently holds a significant number of patents and copyrights and has registered and/or has applied to register numerous patents, trademarks and service marks. By contrast, many of the Companys competitors seek to compete primarily through aggressive pricing and very low cost structures.If the Company is unable to continue to develop and sell innovative new products with attractive margins or if other companies To remain competitive and stimulate customer demand, the Company must successfully manage frequent product introductions and transitions. Due to the highly volatile and competitive temperament of the personal computer, consumer electronics and mobile communication industries, the Company must continually introduce new products and technologies, enhance existing products, and effectively stimulate customer demand for new and upgraded products.The success of new product introductions depends on a number of factors, including timely and successful product development, market acceptance, the Companys ability to manage the risks associated with new products and prod uction ramp issues, the availability of application software for new products, the effective management of purchase commitments and breed levels in line with anticipate product demand, the availability of products in appropriate quantities and costs to meet evaluate demand, and the risk that new products may have quality or other defects in the early stages of introduction.Accordingly, the Company cannot determine in advance the ultimate effect of new product introductions and transitions on its financial condition and operating results. The Companys success depends largely on its ability to attract and retain key personnel. Much of the Companys future success depends on the continued service and availability of clever personnel, including its CEO, its executive team and key employees in technical, marketing and staff positions.Experienced personnel in the technology industry are in high demand and competition for their talents is intense, especially in the Silicon Valley, where most of the Companys key employees are located. The Company has relied on equity awards as one gist for recruiting and retaining this highly skilled talent. Accounting regulations requiring the expensing of stock options have resulted in increased stock-based compensation expense, which has caused the Company to curve the number of stock-based awards issued to employees and could negatively impact the Companys ability to attract and retain key personnel.Additionally, significant adverse volatility in the Companys stock price could result in a stock options exercise price exceeding the underlying stocks market value or a significant deterioration in the value of restricted stock units (RSUs) granted, frankincense lessening the The Companys business is subject to the risks of international operations.The Company derives a large and growing portion of its revenue and earnings from its international operations. As a result, its financial condition and operating results could be sign ificantly affected by risks associated with international activities, including economic and labor conditions, political instability, tax laws (including U. S. taxes on foreign subsidiaries), and changes in the value of the U. S. dollar versus local currencies.Margins on sales of the Companys products in foreign countries, and on sales of products that include components obtained from foreign suppliers, could be materially adversely affected by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and by international trade regulations, including tariffs and antidumping penalties. The Companys primary vulnerability to movements in foreign currency exchange rates relate to non-U. S. dollar denominated sales in Europe, Japan, Australia, Canada, and certain parts of Asia, as well as non-U. S. dollar denominated operating expenses incurred throughout the world.Weakening of foreign currencies relation to the U. S. dollar will adversely affect the U. S. dollar value of the Companys foreign curren cy-denominated sales and earnings, and generally will lead the Company to raise international pricing, potentially reducing demand for the Companys products. In some circumstances, due to competition or other reasons, the Company may fall not to raise local prices to the full extent of the dollars alter, or at all, which would adversely affect the U. S. dollar value of the Companys foreign currency denominated sales and earnings.Conversely, a strengthening of foreign currencies, while generally beneficial to the Companys foreign currency-denominated sales and earnings, could cause the Company to reduce international pricing, thereby limiting the benefit. As strengthening of foreign currencies may also increase the Companys cost of product components denominated in those currencies. The Company has used derivative instruments, such as foreign exchange forward and option positions, to hedge certain exposures to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.The use of such hedging activities may not offset any or more than a portion of the adverse financial effects of unfavorable movements in foreign exchange rates over the limited time the hedges are in place. The Companys retail business has required and will continue to require a substantial investment and commitment of resources and is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties. Through September 27, 2008, the Company had opened 247 retail stores. The Companys retail stores have required substantial mulish investment in equipment and leasehold improvements, information systems, inventory, and personnel.The Company also has entered into substantial operating lease commitments for retail billet with terms ranging from 5 to 20 years, the majority of which are for 10 years. Certain stores have been designed and build to serve as high-profile venues to promote brand awareness and serve as vehicles for corporate sales and marketing activities. Because of their unique design elements, locations and size, the se stores require substantially more investment than the Companys more typical retail stores.Due to the high fixed cost structure associated with the Retail segment, a decline in sales or the closure or poor performance of individual or multiple stores could result in significant lease termination costs, write-offs of equipment and leasehold improvements, and severance costs that could have a material adverse effect on the Companys financial condition and operating results. The Companys home plate are located in Cupertino, California. The Company has a manufacturing facility in Cork, Ireland. As of September 27, 2008, the Company leased approximately 4. 2 million square feet of blank shell, primarily in the U. S. and to a lesser extent, in Europe, Japan, Canada, and the Asia Pacific region. The major facility leases are generally for terms of 3 to 20 years and generally provide renewal options for terms of 1 to 5 redundant years. Leased space includes approximately 1. 8 million s quare feet of retail space, a majority of which is in the U. S. Lease terms for retail space range from 5 to 20 years, the majority of which are for 10 years, and often contain multi-year renewal options. As of September 27, 2008, the Company owned a 367,000 square-foot manufacturing facility in Cork, Ireland that also housed a customer support call center.The Company also owned 805,000 square feet of facilities in Sacramento, California that include warehousing and distribution operations, as well as a customer support call center. In addition, the Company owned approximately 2. 3 million square feet of facilities for research and development and corporate functions in Cupertino, California, including approximately 1. 0 million square feet purchased in 2007 and 2006 for the future development of the Companys second corporate campus in Cupertino, California, and approximately 107,000 square feet for a data center in Newark, California.Outside the U. S. , the Company owned additional facilities totaling approximately 129,000 square feet as of September 27, 2008. The Company believes its existing facilities and equipment are well maintained and in good operating condition. The Company has invested in internal capacity and strategic relationships with outside manufacturing vendors, and therefore believes it has comme il faut manufacturing capacity for the foreseeable future. The Company continues to make investments in capital equipment as necessityed to meet anticipated demand for its products.Globalization, Technology, and E-business are all major factors influencing todays business world. They influence many of our business related decisions on a daily basis. Some of these decisions could be deciding to use a computer to order a new desk from Singapore or using your cell phone to make a conference call in India. Even Apples management functions are not immune to these critical factors. Apple began selling personal computers produced in the garage of one of t he founders in 1976. They were incorporated in 1977.Apples first important product, the Apple II, personal computer was released in 1977 and by 1982 sales had increased to over $750 million. (Kimmel, 1998). It was clear that globalization played a big part in this success. Globalization is becoming a must have for large organizations to surpass above their competition. With that being said globalization has been influential to Apples revenue. According to Apple, their international sales accounted for 43 per centum of the quarters revenue (Dowling, 2005), this is continuing to rise.The rise in revenue is a result of excellent management and planning. Because of the need to go international, Apple created a strategic plan to go forward in the direction of globalization. This type of globalization will involve countries with different needs and different markets. For instance, planning a marketing project must involve the different variables that apply for each market. When plannin g globally, company structure must be taken into consideration. With that being said organization and control go hand in hand Steve Jobs came foul once again as the CEO of Apple in 1997.This time he had a new game plan, and Apple started to focus on the digital lifestyle of consumers. This proved to be Apples most successful business strategy to date because a once ineffective company now had ruled the computer world. In 2005, Apple announced that it would start using Intel-based chips to run Macintosh computers. In April 2006, Apple announced Boot Camp, which allows users of Intel-based Macs to boot either Mac or Windows OS. This functionality allows users who may need both OSs to own just one machine to run both, albeit not simultaneously