Misuse of Plastic Essay

Human being plays a key role in environment as he has a capable mind and will power to do everything by the skill and technology he has developed so far. But most of his activities done for his development and welfare have been causing seriously negative impacts on the virgin environment he has been blessed with. We can prepare a long list of human activities that have been disturbing, destabilising and degrading the natural environment. The explosion of human population has enhanced the negative impacts of human activities on environment. Man has adopted such a life style which has no room for conservation and preservation of environment as he has become just a consumer in the modern world. He has destroyed many terrestrial and aquatic habitats causing numerous species of plants and animals to go extinct. He has cleared forests and has killed numerous wild animals to disturb the balance of the nature. His activities leading to pollution have been causing a number of local and global environmental problems ranging from spread of epidemics, depletion of ozone layer, global warming and climate change. The fertile land degraded by human activities has been converted into vast desert and his activities of misuse and overuse of water and reclamation of water bodies has been leading to the crisis of water in many parts of the world. Most of the fossil fuels have so far been used up by him due to whom an energy crisis is overhead. Most of the human population of urban areas has been migrating towards cities leaving agriculture aside and this is causing urban congestion, encroachment to monuments and government land on one hand the a steep fall of agricultural production on the other. Lots of wastes created by humans have spoilt the landscape and urban areas are under immense stress due to over congestion. Civic bodies in urban areas are under hard pressure to manage civic amenities and improper management of civic facilities is sure to endanger the community life. The word civic relates to the life of city or town area and amenities are features of city or town area that make the place pleasant, comfortable and easy to live in. Thus,civic amenities are features of a city or town area that make the area pleasant, comfortable and easy to live for human beings.

Catch Us If You Can

With close reference to the novel that you have read, discuss how courage is shown by one of the characters. In the novel â€Å"Catch Us If You Can†, the character who shows courage is Rory. Rory handles challenges with courage. No fear will ever deter him from being separated from his Granda. He had to risk the dangers from being caught as well as other problems that come his way. Firstly, a boy in his early teens, Rory has the courage to take care of his grandfather all by himself.It is not easy for him because he has to balance between school and taking care of his Granda who is getting more forgetful. It is not easy for a young boy to carry such a heavy responsibility. In addition, when they are separated, Rory plans an escape. At times, he feels like giving up, but courage kept him going. He knows he must be strong and brave to withstand the hardship of the Great Escape. He rescued Granda from Rachnadar and never looked back.Then, another example of courage portray by Ror y was when Granda fails to wake up on top of the hill. Rory had to be bravely run for help where he knocks on a stranger’s door. For a young boy to do that is indeed very courageous thing. Throughout their journey going through the escape, I learnt that Rory is indeed very brave. He did not fear the unknown, caring for his aged grandfather while running from the authorities. He showed courage right from the beginning till the end.

Temple of Artemis at Ephesus Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Temple of Artemis at Ephesus - Term Paper Example At the very least, this paper aims to subjugate, criticize and analyse the aesthetic standards of the ancient people in terms of architecture and representations that pertain to worship and religious iconography since these things have played a very vital role in thriving of the artistic culture that time. What seems to be so significant about this paper is it tries to revive to the consciousness of the modern people the importance and contributions of the ancient knowledge and culture that have become one of the guiding conventions of the modern people in generating new concepts and designs related to architecture. At the same time, it tries to highlight the pivotal conditions that surround the architectural design of the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, one of the wonders of the Ancient World. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus was designed by the architect Chersiphron and is said to be the very first temple built out of marble and the largest Greek temple erected and measures 377 feet long and 180 feet wide (Temple of Artemis). The very first shrine was constructed around 800 B.C.E. and had major reconstructions during the 600 B.C.E., 550 B.C.E. and 356 B.C.E. (unmusem.org). However, during the reconstruction period of the temple, Theodorus, Scopas of Paros became contributing architects for Temple of Artemis (clevelys.co.uk). The Temple of Artemis was erected at the marshy fields of the Ephesus at the Asia Minor (greatbuildings.com). This temple is regarded to be one of the wonders of the ancient world (yousigma.com). Its highlights several conventions of architecture and culture present during the early human times. This architectural edifice is a treasure damaged due to several complexities that have risen during that time. Also, the historical relevance of the temple is crucial to determine the cultural influences that have penetrated the construction of the said majestic

Proposal Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Proposal Paper - Essay Example What is the expected outcome of the Patient Protection and Affordable Act? It is hypothesized that, the state government is set to implement all recommendations provided in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Jacobs & Theda 44). Currently, the basic strategies recommended for implementation of the Act has been put in place. In addition, citizens and corporates also are set to embrace the changes recommended in health care system. Patient Protection and Affordable Act (Obama Care): The Patient Protection and Affordable is a Federal Statute assented by President Obama on 23rd March, 2010 (McDonough 12). The statute recommended changes in the health care systems that are aimed at improving the condition at which citizens can fund for their medical services. In general, the act the act aimed at increasing the quality of medical services, increasing affordability of medical insurance, lowering the numbers of the uninsured by increasing corporate and employer responsibility and reducing the cost of medical care for both the government and individuals (Donald 34). An appropriate research plan would effectively understand the history of health reforms until the reforms created in 2010. This would enable the determination of the appropriateness of the reforms in regards to the continuity of the trend. In addition, learning on the history of the healthcare reforms would enable research to identify the significance of the reforms in changing the health care system. Apart from learning the history, the research plan would include survey from all the involved stakeholders. The government would be consulted on the objectives it has set to achieve by the creation of the affordable act. In addition, it would be consulted on plans created to make the reforms effective in the current healthcare system. Patients would also be consulted on how effective the reforms have been since their creation in 2010. The consumer’s opinion will be

Transformational Leadership Atta ur Rehman Essay

Transformational Leadership Atta ur Rehman - Essay Example Even though knowledge is inadequate on what types of leaders are needed, there are a number of assumptions about leadership. Foe example, in an organization there is an assumption that leaders of organizational change should be both leaders and managers. Another assumption about leaders who change their organizations is that only administrators will be leaders. However this assumption that change comes only from individuals in top positions ignores the invisible leadership of lower-level staff members (Murphy, 1988). Vast studies of organizational leadership have been focused on leaders in administrative positions. These leaders begin with having a vision, develop a shared vision with their co-workers and value the organization's personnel. Leaders who change their organizations are proactive and take risks. They recognize shifts in the interests or desires of their clientele, anticipate the need to change and challenge the status quo. Transformational leadership has been found to be a significant factor in facilitating, improving and promoting the organizational progress of employees. Nevertheless, the data on leaders of organizational change and the emerging information on transformational leadership indicate that the characteristics of these individuals mirror those of leaders who have changed other organizations. Leaders of organizational change have vision; foster a shared vision, and value human resources. They are proactive and take risks. Vision to Change Organization Every type of leadership requires a vision. A vision is actually a force that provides meaning and purpose to the work of an organization. Leaders of change are visionary leaders, and vision is the basis of their work. To actively change an organization, leaders must make decisions about the nature of the desired state (Manasse, 1986). They begin with a personal vision to forge a shared vision with their co-workers. Their communication of the vision is such that it empowers the authority to people to act. According to Westley and Mintzberg (1989) visionary transformational leaders are dynamic and apply the following three stage process to create useful changes in their organizations. (a). They create an image of the desired future of the organization. (b). Communicate the vision to serve all. (c). Transformational leaders empower the followers so that they can enact the vision. For organizational leaders who implement changes in their organizations, vision is a hunger to see development (Pejza, 1985) as well as the force which forms meaning (Manasse, 1986). Leaders of organizational change have approach to display a clear picture of what they want to accomplish. Further they have the ability to visualize one's goals (Mazzarella & Grundy, 1989). In their vision, they present purpose, implication, and significance to the work of the organization and empower the staff to contribute to the realization of the vision. The American Association of School Administrators' (1986) description of leadership includes the leader's ability to translate a vision into reality as well as the skill to coherent the vision to others. According to Manasse (1986),

Health Promotion in Nursing Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Health Promotion in Nursing Care - Essay Example This essay aims to address the following concerns: how is health promotion defined?, what is the purpose of health promotion in nursing practice?, how are nursing roles and responsibilities evolving in health promotion?, how do nurses in all areas of nursing implement health promotion? And also compare the three levels of health promotion prevention. It is stated that the purpose of health promotion is encompassed in the definition provided by Maben, which states that the purpose of health promotion is to increase awareness of those patients being addressed and taken cared of by nurses in terms of improving the status of health with the ultimate goal of preventing illnesses. Likewise, the pertinent issues of health promotion are envisioned to be disseminated to all mentioned above to assist in coping with identified diseases. As indicated, the purpose is clearly to enhance awareness through educating and application interventions depending on the level of health promotion. The three levels of health promotion are: primary, secondary, and tertiary health promotions, specifically defined as follows: primary health promotion is focused with the prevention of new cases of injury or illness, secondary health promotion assumes that an injury or illness has already emerged and the nurses aims to minimize deterioration and tertiary health promotion needs application of identified interventions in cases of the onset of chronic disease and finally, to actively assist in efforts to rehabilitate chronic health status of patients.

Marriage and the Family Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marriage and the Family - Personal Statement Example The solution that the educator that I interviewed presented was simply the desire of the parents to take some time off their careers in order to stay longer at home and monitor the development of their children. It is not always good to depend on the nannies and tutors to preside over the learning of their children. The parents have to be committed to regularly be there when their children needs them. The counselor that I interviewed mentioned that there are three fundamental procedures of decision-making in the present day families: the top-down method, the democratic method, and the subculture method. Top-down or implemented decision-making normally happens in the family structure of disoriented families, because the heads of these families do not know that it normally leads in bad developments that are hard to manage, even though they may be effortless to tell to the members of the family (Napier 5). In short, they do not know that top-down methods may lead in forced compliance from the children for instance, but in reality they do not totally agree to it. As a solution to this problem, the counselor suggested that families implement the deliberate methods to decision-making which are hard and eat up a lot of time, but the dedication and trust to the development will be more effective than an altered family setting which decreases outputs and results. C. Opinion of the Social Worker The social worker that I interviewed mentioned that majority of the failed activities of families at present rely tremendously on the lack of interpersonal interaction and relationship among the family members. Bounded with a distorted objective, the control of developments at families is not always coordinated with the family members that will benefit or will immediately feel the impacts. Discussing the objective of development at families nowadays is not always important (Cherlin 6). As a solution to this problem, the social worker recommended that families should start to realize that interaction is the highly recommended way that the families must always use. If the family members can effectively communicate with each other, obtaining the trust of each other and managing a smooth relationship will always be easy to do, and this leads to a smooth flow of family functions. Personal Notes I believe that family is the most important treasure in the world. While it is true that families cannot be perfect all the time, the family members must always have the initiative to help each other grow and become united as one. Of course, the parents have to be role models in order for the children to follow. If the family stays together as one cohesive unit all then time, then problems no matter how they may be can be easily deflected and the family will be strong and firm with their support for each other. WORKS CITED Cherlin, Andrew. Public and Private Families: An Introduction. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages; 5th edition 2006 Lamanna, Mary Ann. Marriages & Families: Making

Advertising and promoting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Advertising and promoting - Essay Example Marketing techniques are of very great importance in the promotion of various products at the local as well as in the international spheres. The mode of marketing and the medium used to market these products often play a key role in determining the number of people reached by these advertisements. However, the cost of airing certain advertisements in certain media is also a factor to be considered in this case. Moorthy (1988) argues that the type of medium chosen should therefore be that which can be accessed by most people as well as cheap in terms of the funds required to air an advertisement for a given period of time as compared with other media options. Some media house cover only limited areas and are not therefore suitable for an advertisement that requires a large number of people to reach (Moorthy, 1988). Depending on the type of promotion one wants to make and the target population, the choice of a media house is of prime importance to this task. For an international promot ion, the channel that is viewed by the international community should be the better option. On the contrary, a local promotion expected to reach just a few selected population should make use of a local channel that reaches most people in the region targeted. This paper will look at the choice of various media channels in carrying out marketing promotions over the others depending on the type of promotion to be made and the number and location of target population Marketing Communications (Advertising & Promotion: Media) As has been mentioned earlier, the choice of a media channel to be used in carrying out any type of promotion really matters a lot as far as the cost, location and target population is concerned. To illustrate this, I will use the choice of making promotions for a major launch of a new environmentally friendly, ‘greener’ car from a renowned vehicle manufacturing company in the world, the Toyota Company. Here the choice of the channel may be very difficu lt given the large number of the target population to be reached by these advertisements. Being an international promotion therefore, the channel hat is to be used in this case should be that which is common among most people across the globe. For this reason, my choice for this particular advertisement is preferably the current leading world news broadcasting television, The BBC Channel. Given her long standing existence as a world news broadcasting channel, the BBC channel has gained world wide fame as a reliable news house across the world. It therefore has the largest number of viewers across the globe giving the company a good number of people to reach with the news (Heard, 2004). The Toyota Company is known to have had a long history in car manufacturing in the world history. The company’s products are consumed by a large number of buyers in all the continents of the world. In order to reach her widely scattered myriad of customers and the available amount of money she has planned to se for airing the adverts, 50 million pounds, the company needs to select the channel that has a large area of coverage too and which is actually popular among the world populations. Using the BBC news channel therefore would be the best option in this case. Even though making advertisements on this channel may prove quite expensive, the amount of money the company has channeled towards this is certainly enough to accomplish the task and realize the target the end of the day. However, n most of the third world and developing countries, only a few homesteads will bin a position to afford the expensive gargets for transmitting the BBC news and so will be potentially left out. Besides, most people do not speak English as their first language while others do not understand English at all and therefore may not be catered for during the promotion since BBC uses only English as a medium for communication. For small scale businesses for instance a small scale restaurant which wants to re- open her

Analysis of Critical Thinking Skills Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of Critical Thinking Skills - Assignment Example Here the student only focused on the Christian perspective on the vaccination of their daughters. He does not compare this perspective to other perspectives. On the third critical thinking skill, I would grade the student as weak (0). He did not gather any additional evidence apart from the article. It appears that the student did not do further research on the subject or use his knowledge from other sources. On the fourth critical thinking skill, I would grade the student as partially developed (1). He only states the conclusion. The student does not offer any suggestions on how to improve the society’s current situation. On the first critical thinking skill, I would grade the student’s article as excellent (3). The student identifies both the problem at hand and the secondary problems that relate to it. The students also provide relevant solutions to the problem. Additionally, the student is well organized in how he discusses the issues raised. On the second critical thinking skill, I would grade the student as substantially developed (2). The student clearly identifies and compares different perspectives on the issue. He compares perspectives of different organizations, his gynecologist and from his own childhood experience. On the third critical thinking skill, I would grade the student as substantially developed (2). He analyzes the evidence from the article and compares it with evidences from other sources. He is not limited by the evidence provide in the article alone. He focusses on his childhood experience as well as his gynecologist’s medical perspective. On the fourth critical thinking skill, I would grade the student as excellent (3). The student puts his findings in the context of his community’s cultural understanding of the subject. He also provides relevant solutions on how to reduce HPV infections. This is through educating them about its vaccination. All the four critical thinking skills will be very

Culture and World Wide Web Essay Example for Free

Culture and World Wide Web Essay Basis ternet has changed our lives, before the internet, Life was completely different. In early times, people sent letters for communication, but now a day, The World Wide Web has changed the world in more than one way. The Internet has suddenly changed politics, business, and culture. Now today, there is no need to sent letters, it is the modern era, the information technology time, in which information can take not more than half second to be sent. ternet has changed our lives, before the internet, Life was completely different. In early times, people sent letters for communication, but now a day, The World Wide Web has changed the world in more than one way. The Internet has suddenly changed politics, business, and culture. Now today, there is no need to sent letters, it is the modern era, the information technology time, in which information can taternet has changed our lives, before the internet, Life was completely different. In early times, people sent letters for communication, but now a day, The World Wide Web has changed the world in more than one way. The Internet has suddenly changed politics, business, and culture. Now today, there is no need to sent letters, it is the modern era, the information technology time, in which information can take not more than half second to be sent. The technologies are growing, developing, but did the culture changed and turned iternet has changed our lives, before the internet, Life was completely different. In early times, people sent letters for communication, but now a day, The World Wide Web has changed the world in more than one way. The Internet has suddenly changed politics, busiternet has changed our lives, before the internet, Life was completely different. In early times, people sent letters for communication, but now a day, The World Wide Web has changed the world in more than one way. The Internet has suddenly changed politics, business, and culture. Now today, there is no need to sent letters, it is the modern era, the information technology time, in which information can take not more than half second to be sent. The technologies are growing, developing, but did the culture changed and turned into a single culture, not at all. Discovery of computers and internet has come like a miracle to mankind. Through this the worldwide communication has increased. People are gaining knowledge about other cultures, but this does not mean that they are fully adopting the other culture and this is because soness, and culture. Now today, there is no need to sent letters, it is the modern era, the  information technology time, in which information can take not more than half second to be sent. The technologies are growing, developing, but did the culture changed and turned into a single culture, not at all. Discovery of computers and internet has come like a miracle to mankind. Through this the worldwide communication has increased. People are gaining knowledge about other cultures, but this does not mean that they are fully adopting the other culture and this is because sonto a single culture, not at all. Discovery of computers and internet has come like a miracle to mankind. Through this the worldwide communication has increased. People are gaining knowledge about other cultures, but this does not mean that they are fully adopting the other culture and this is because soke not more than half second to be sent. The technologies are growing, developing, but did the culture changed and turned into a single culture, not at all. Discovery of computers and internet has come like a miracle to mankind. Through this the worldwide communication has increased. People are gaining knowledge about other cultures, but this does not mean that they are fully adopting the other culture and this is because so The technologies are growing, developing, but did the culture changed and turned into a single culture, not at all. Discovery of computers and internet has come like a miracle to mankind. Through this the worldwide communication has increased. People are gaining knowledge about other cultures, but this does not mean that they are fully adopting the other culture and this is because so

The Anticipation Of Love English Literature Essay

The Anticipation Of Love English Literature Essay This touchy poem earned a lot of fame to the great Argentine poet, essayist, and short-story writer, whose tales of fantasy and dream worlds are classics of the 20th-century world literature. He was profoundly influenced by European culture, English literature, and thinkers such as Berkeley, who argued that there is no material substance; the sensible world consists only of ideas, which exist for so long as they are perceived. Most of his tales embrace universal themes the often recurring circular labyrinth can be seen as a metaphor of life or a riddle which theme is time. Although Borgess name was mentioned in speculations about Nobel Prize, he never became one. Jorge Luis Borges was born on August 24, 1899, in Buenos Aires. A few years later, his family moved to the northern suburb of Palermo, which he was to celebrate in prose and verse. He received his earliest education at home, where he learned English and read widely in his fathers library of English books. When Borges was nine years of age, he began his public schooling in Palermo, and in the same year, published his first literary undertaking, which was a translation into Spanish of Oscar Wildes The Happy Prince. In 1914 the Borges family traveled to Europe. When World War I broke out, they settled for the duration in Switzerland, where young Borges finished his formal education at the College in Geneva. By 1919, when the family moved on to Spain, Borges had learned several languages and had begun to write and translate poetry (Liukkonen and Pesonen, Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986)). In Seville and Madrid, he frequented literary gatherings absorbing the lessons of new poetical theorists of the time-especially those of Rafael Cansinos Assà ©ns, who headed a group of writers who came to be known as ultraists. When the family returned to Argentina in 1921, Borges rediscovered his native Buenos Aires and began to write poems dealing with his intimate feelings for the city, its past, and certain fading features of its quiet suburbs. His early poetry was reflective in tone; metaphors dominated, usual linking words were suppressed, and the humble, tranquil aspects of the city that he evoked seemed somehow contaminated by eternity. With other young Argentine writers, Borges collaborated in the founding of new publications, in which the ultraist mode was cultivated in the New World. In 1923, his first volume of poetry, Fervor of Buenos Aires, was published, and it also made somewhat of a name for him in Spain. In 1925, his second book of poetry, Moon across the Way, appeared, which was followed in 1929 by San Martin Notebook -the last new collection of his verse to appear for three decades. Borges gradually developed a keen interest in literary criticism. His critical and philosophical essays began to fill most of the volumes he published during the period 1925-1940: Inquisitions (1925), The Dimensions of My Hope (1926), The Language of the Argentines (1928), Evaristo Carriego (1930), Discussion (1932), and History of Eternity (1938). Change in Style In 1938, with his father gravely ill from a heart ailment, Borges obtained an appointment in a municipal library in Buenos Aires. Before years end, his father died. Borges, himself, came close to death from septicemia, the complication of an infected head injury. This period of crisis produced an important change in Borges. He began to write prose fiction tales of a curious and highly original character. These pieces seemed to be philosophical essays invested with narrative qualities and tensions. Others were short stories infused with metaphorical concepts. Ten of these concise, well-executed stories were collected in Ficciones (1944). A second volume of similar tales, entitled The Aleph, was published in 1949. Borgess fame as a writer firmly rests on the narratives contained in these two books, to which other stories were added in later editions. After The Aleph, he published an important collection of essays, Other Inquisitions (1952); several collections of poetry and prose sketches, Dreamtigers (1960), In Praise of Darkness (1969), The Deep Rose (1975), and The Iron Coin (1976); and two collections of new short stories, Dr. Brodies Report (1970) and The Book of Sand (1975). Aside from these works, Borges wrote over a dozen books in collaboration with other persons. Foremost among his collaborators was Adolfo Bioy Casares, an Argentine novelist and short-story writer, who was Borgess closest literary associate for nearly 40 years. In 1961 Borges shared with Samuel Beckett the $10,000 International Publishers Prize, and world recognition at last began to come his way. He received countless honors and prizes. In 1970, he was the first recipient of the $25,000 Matarazzo Sobrinho Inter-American Literary Prize. Borges, who had long suffered from eye problems, was totally blind in his last decades. He had a congenital defect that had afflicted several generations on his fathers side of the family. However, he continued to publish several books, among them EL LIBRO DE LOS SERES IMAGINARIOS (1967), EL INFORME DE BRODIE (1970), and EL LIBRO DE ARENA (1975). To him, books meant everything. Philosophy and Theology Borgess fictional universe was born from his vast and esoteric readings in literature, philosophy, and theology. He saw mans search for meaning in an infinite universe as a fruitless effort. In the universe of energy, mass, and speed of light, Borges considered the central riddle time, and not space. He believed in an infinite series of times, in a growing, dizzying net of divergent, convergent and parallel times. This network of times which approached one another, forked, broke off, or was unaware of one another for centuries, embraces all possibilities of time (Hoffmann, pp 316). The theological speculations of Gnosticism and the Cabala gave ideas for many of his plots. Borges revealed in an interview that when he was a boy, he found an engraving of the Seven Wonders of the World, one of which portrayed a circular labyrinth. It frightened him and the maze has been one of his recurrent nightmares. Almost instantly, I understood: The garden of forking paths was the chaotic novel; the phrase the various futures (not to all) suggested to me the forking in time, not in space (Yates, The Garden of Forking Paths). Borges, who was a deep philosopher of poetry, presented each of his writings as an ontological enigma. Similarly, a borgesian story or poem would often assume the patterns of a treatise. The writings of Borges are full of emotions or are simply entertaining, also often characterized by fantastic ontologies, synchronic genealogies, utopian grammars, fictional geographies. In addition, he conceived philosophy has perplexity and poetry as the deepest form of rationality. The beauty of his poetry and the depth of his knowledge do great justice to the Spanish language and universal mind (University of Pittsburgh, . Conclusion Borges married Elsa Astete Millan in 1967, but was divorced in 1970. He married Maria Kodama in 1986, shortly before his death on June 14, in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1985, he moved permanently to Geneva, Switzerland. There he died of liver cancer on June 14, 1986, and was buried at the old Plainpalais Cemetery. The intellectual style of Borges presents each of his writings as an ontological riddle. His works offer exposure to interdisciplinary research and provide a treat to both the academic scholar and the ordinary reader.

English Essays Pride and Prejudice

English Essays Pride and Prejudice Introduction Jane Austens much loved novel Pride and Prejudice was first published in 1813 at a time when family relationships in Britain were governed by rather rigid societal rules. Male and female roles were very clearly defined, and in the more wealthy families in particular, great effort was spent on maintaining moral respectability and financial security. This essay examines the various ways that Jane Austen depicts the related topics of love and marriage in the novel. It explores both the pressures upon different characters to behave in certain traditional ways, and the choices which are open to them, and explains how the author cleverly steers the reader towards an understanding of love and marriage which challenges some of the prejudices of her time. The traditional marriage of convenience The novel opens with a comic scene in which the mature married couple Mr and Mrs Bennet discuss the arrival of a new neighbour, Mr Bingley. It is clear from the start that the society in which the novel takes place is rather refined, since the house in question is called Netherfield Park and Mr Bingley is described as a young man of large fortune from the north of England (Austen, 1918, p. 1). The conversation is dominated by Mrs Bennet, who holds forth on the exciting prospect that this new neighbour might fall in love with one of their five daughters, while Mr Bennet exhibits a long-suffering tolerance of his wifes domestic chatter. The narrator maintains an ironic distance from the two speakers, illustrating Mr Bennets lack of comprehension for the social niceties of formal visits, and Mrs Bennets lack of comprehension of her husbands character: She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper (Austen, 1918, p. 4) whose main focus in life was to find a husband for her five daughters. This introductory chapter serves as a vignette of traditional marriage in upper class British society at the start of the nineteenth century since the Bennets belong to the ruling class by virtue of income, residence and manners (Downie, 2006), even though some critics such as Tuite (2002) persist in classifying Austens characters as bourgeois. According to Zimmerman (1968, p. 66) these two characters embody the salient qualities implied by the title of the novel: Mr. Bennet exhibits the detachment of pride and Mrs. Bennet the total involvement of prejudice. Greenfield (2002, p. 149) has more understanding for Mrs. Bennets obsessions, describing her as being plagued by realistic concerns about womens economic disadvantages. This means, in effect, that they are in many ways opposites, since the husband is clever, urbane and often silent, while the wife is rather foolish, provincial and prone to engage in gossip at very available opportunity. The pair appear to have found an accommodation with each other, but they are clearly not at all well matched in terms of their character, interests or intelligence. The family is clearly of modest means, and it is the dilemma of finding a suitable husband for all five girls which sets up the starting point for the rest of the novel. After setting the scene through this entertaining dialogue in the Bennet sitting room, the author then proceeds to introduce a series of characters and trace their different approaches to the resolution of this fundamental problem. One potential suitor presents himself in the form of the clergyman Mr Collins. He is first mentioned by Mr Bennet as a gentleman and a stranger (Austen, 1918, p. 62), whom he has invited to dine with the family. Significantly this news is greeted first with excitement, since these qualities might make him a suitable match for one of the daughters, and then horror, since it turns out that he is due to acquire through the legal process of entailment, the family home upon the death of Mr Bennet, thus giving him power over the fate of the rest of the family (Macpherson, 2003). The somewhat pompous Mr Collins comes with the express intention of marrying one of the five sisters. He is interested in Jane, the eldest and most beautiful sister, and a deal is struck between himself and Mrs Bennet that he should concentrate on the second daughter, Elizabeth, since the eldest daughter is already spoken for. The narrator indicates the business nature of this transaction with an ironic reference to the speed with which he agrees to change his mind and the indifference which he and Mrs. Bennet have for the feelings of the young women in question: Mr. Collins had only to change from Jane to Elizabeth and it was soon done done while Mrs. Bennet was stirring the fire (Austen, 1918, p. 72). Love plays no part in this transaction, and so the proposed marriage between Mr. Collins and Elizabeth is set to mirror the traditional fate of her parents. The two individuals would have little in common when they start out married life, and it would be their task to make their marriage of convenience work. In the event, however, this plan is thwarted by Elizabeths spirited refusal of the proposal from Mr. Collins, an act which her mother calls her own perverseness (Austen, 1918, p. 145). It is Elizabeths older friend, Charlotte Lucas, who steps into the role of suitable wife for the faintly ridiculous Mr. Collins. Perhaps because she sees her own chances of marriage fading, Charlotte herself is convinced of the primary importance of finding a good match, regardless of how one might feel about the person. She is convinced of the value of obtaining a respectable and at least moderately wealthy husband, since she discusses the blossoming relationship between Mr. Bingley and Jane Bennet somewhat wistfully with the words Happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance (Austen, 1918, p. 21). One critic astutely highlights the bitter compromise that Charlotte Lucass marriage to Mr. Collins represents: the pathos of Charlottes marriage is that, because of her intelligence, her ignorance must be a pretense (Weinsheimer, 1972, p. 408). This is the price that many women had to pay in order to obtain material security and social respectability in early nineteenth century Britain. Marriage for love A very different type of marital relationship is modelled in the novel by the eldest Bennet sister Jane and her suitor Mr. Bingley. From the very beginning it is clear that they love and admire each other. Jane, as the eldest of the Bennet sisters, is assumed to be the first to marry, and her extraordinary beauty and even temperament make her an obvious choice for the wealthy Mr. Bingley. He is attracted to her for reasons that might appear to be rather superficial in the first instance. She does not have much money, but she has other advantages. Mr. Darcy and Mr. Bingley are both impressed by her appearance, since Darcy refers to her as the only handsome girl in the room and Mr. Bingley replies that she is the most beautiful creature I ever beheld (Austen, 1918, p. 10). Young women who are in possession of great beauty are, in the world of Jane Austen, usually well placed in the marriage stakes. It also helps that Jane is submissive and calm, unlike her more assertive sister Elizabeth, who does not attract nearly so many admiring glances from the men. Assured of her comfortable marriage based on mutual love, Jane firmly believes in the importance of affection in marriage, and advises Elizabeth to consider this matter very carefully before committing to marry Mr. Darcy: Oh, Lizzy! Do anything rather than marry without affection. Are you quite sure that you what you ought to do? (Austen, 1918, p. 385). The relationship between Jane and Charles Bingley is presented as something easy and natural, as they attend various social functions and gradually get to know each other. By happy coincidence Mr. Bingley has a suitably large fortune, and the Bennet parents are happy to see their eldest daughter marry such a gentle and even-tempered man. Marriage for love is thus presented as something idyllic, but rather rare, and only achievable when circumstances happen to arrange themselves in propitious ways. It is only imaginable as an outcome for Jane, for example, since all of the other Bennet sisters have characteristics which make them less than suitable for such a marriage: Mary is too plain, Lizzy and Lydia are too headstrong, and Kitty is too young to attract the attention of the highly suitable but ultimately rather dull Mr. Bingley. This marriage proves the point that in early nineteenth century Britain, happiness in marriage is a matter of chance, although it can sometimes make both parties very happy. Illicit love True love is evident also in the relationship between sixteen year old Lydia and the dashing officer Mr. Wickham. In this case, however, there is consternation within the family when it is discovered that the two have disappeared together, without first completing the mandatory social formalities of courtship, parental approval, engagement and marriage. There are two dimensions to the problem posed by Lydia and Wickhams love: the first is moral, and the second is social. The moral issue derives from the Christian value of obligatory chastity before marriage. The self-righteous Mr. Collins writes an odious letter to Mr. Bennet, condemning Lydias character and advising the poor man to throw off your unworthy child from your affection for ever, and leave her to reap the fruits of her own heinous offence (Austen, 1918, p. 304). He even goes so far as to say the death of your daughter would have been a blessing in comparison of this (Austen, 1918, p. 304). Writing a century later one critic endorses at least some of the moral outrage that is expressed in the novel, but suggests also that there might be a more charitable motivation for Lydias behaviour: There is something absolute in her selfish recklessness, her reckless pursuit of her own pleasure without the least regard not only to others but even to herself he contributes to her comfort and enables her to realize her quite childish ideal of worldly importance as a married woman (Howells, 1918, p. xv). It seems that in her rush to achieve the status of a married women, Lydia forgets her duty to her parents and sisters and most seriously of all, puts her own future at risk by breaking all the rules designed to preserve her own value as a respectable woman. If Mr. Darcy had not stepped in to ensure that the roguish Mr. Wickham then things would have ended very badly indeed. While Elizabeth Bennet has some sympathy for her sisters folly, Mary Bennet spells out the awful consequences: Unhappy as the event must be for Lydia, we may draw from it this useful lesson: that loss of virtue in a female is irretrievable that one false step involves her in endless ruin that her reputation is no less brittle than it is beautiful (Austen, 1918, p. 295). These sentiments reflect the harsh moral code of the times, the expectations of the community (Deresiewicz, 1997) and incidentally also the double standard that allows men all sorts of indiscretions but judges women by a single instance of immoral conduct. The second problem that Lydias elopement causes is a social one. The scandal caused by one sister will automatically have a detrimental effect on the reputation of the whole family, including the other sisters. It is no coincidence that this disaster is averted by the actions of a wealthy and powerful male: Mr. Darcy. In this period women did not have the right to decide upon their own fate, and they were dependent upon the actions of fathers, brothers, husbands, or in this case, husbands-to-be. By stepping in to aid the family, Mr. Darcy presents himself in the role of dashing hero. Elizabeth Bennet, who herself would no doubt be too proud to accept acts of charity on her own behalf, is bound to be mightily impressed by her suitors gallant behaviour. In this period women did not have the freedom to engage in communications that would increase their wealth or power, since meetings with the opposite sex were strictly chaperoned, and there was even an unwritten rule which forbade correspondence between marriageable persons not engaged to be married (Le Faye, 2002, p. 114). The author uses this critical incident to turn the readers attention towards the increasing likelihood of a match between Elizabeth Bennet and the dark and difficult Mr. Darcy. The ideal marriage The relationship which takes central place in the novel is that between Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy. A great deal of suspense is created through the initial animosity that is expressed between the two, and the growing attraction that they experience towards each other. Several of the minor characters, including the haughty Lady Catherine de Bourgh, seem to think that Elizabeth is not a suitable match for Mr. Darcy because of her relative poverty, her lower social status, and her rather unfeminine tendency to make witty and sometimes highly critical remarks. Elizabeth does not fit the profile of the ideal gentlewoman of this time. In similar ways, Mr. Darcy defies the definition of a gentleman, at least in the eyes of the young women he encounters in polite English society. He possesses some of the attributes of a romantic hero, such as good looks and great wealth, but his manners leave something to be desired, and he does not go along with all of the social niceties of dancing and visiting which most ladies expect of him. The story of Elizabeth and Mr. Darcys gradual acquaintance is a motif that is often used by Austen and represents the common novelists fantasy of a poor girl who meets, and after a series of vicissitudes marries, the rich young man (Butler, 2001, p. 139). The twists and turns of love and hate which Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy experience are the necessary preamble to an ultimately happy ending. In Austens skilled and often ironic narrative, the reader is pushed and pulled into viewing different facets of both characters, appreciating their faults as well as their virtues, and developing a growing awareness of their mutual attraction. It is made clear by both characters that in fact they are romantically attracted to each other. Darcy declares his position in the middle of the novel when he boldly tells Elizabeth You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you (Austen, 1918, p. 195) while Elizabeth at the end of the novel assures her father about her feelings for Mr. Darcy: I do, I do like him, she replied, with tears in her eyes; I love him. (Austen, 1918, p. 389). In the end, when the marriage is finally agreed, and the two are set to launch into a lifetime of happiness together, a final word is left to Mr. Bennet, who writes to Mr. Collins, firing off a comic opposite to the earlier letter received from Mr. Collins, with the words: I must trouble you once more for congratulations. Elizabeth will soon be the wife of Mr. Darcy. Console Lady Catherine as well as you can. But, if I were you, I would stand by the nephew. He has more to give (Austen, 1919, p. 395). According to Newman (1983), this letter is an attempt by the Jane Austen to distance herself from the cliched ending of the romantic novel and to insert a little comedic irony. Mr. Bennet is poking fun at the miscalculations of Mr Collins, including his earlier condemnation of the Bennet family and his affectation in cultivating a connection with Lady Catherine. The affiliation of the Bennet family with Mr. Darcy removes the familys financial and reputational difficulties in one fell swoop. As it happens, Lydia and Mr. Wickham also escape the dire fate predicted by Mr. Collins, which all goes to prove that the merciless rules and restrictions of polite Christian society do not always end in the outcomes predicted by their most fanatical supporters. Courtship is a seductive, often illusory process with uncertain results (Hinnant, 2006). Spinsters, bachelors, widows and widowers Although Pride and Prejudice revolves mainly around the progress of various love and marriage relationships there are a number of other characters who are presented in isolation, and without an obvious partner. Two of the younger Bennet sisters, Mary and Kitty, fall into this category but the author presents their prospects very differently, Mary is described in terms of qualities which more usually would be used to refer to a man since she is fond of books, and of strict moralising. Distant cousins, uncles, and widows are presented as outsiders, apart from the interesting mainstream of society where the machinations over love and marriage preoccupy all of the women and most of the men. Jane Austen criticises some of the silliness that goes on in the centre of upper class society but she does not go so far as to recommend these isolated positions for any of her main characters. Only the stern and awkward sister Mary seems destined for this fate, and her role in the novel seems to be to act as a foil for Elizabeth. Without Elizabeths charm and wit, Mary will be left in the dreaded role of spinster, always looking on while others enjoy the benefits of marriage, and if they are lucky, also of romantic love. Conclusion This brief essay has shown that Jane Austen presents a witty and varied range of opinions on love and marriage in the early nineteenth century. The men have by far the greater range of choices, while younger women must remain constrained in mostly female company, awaiting rare opportunities to encounter eligible young men. The fact that the women are so easily interchangeable in the eyes of men, and so often resigned to their fate, highlights their role as little more than items of property in this patriarchal society. Each of the types of marriage outlined above are presented as viable choices for the Bennet sisters. The novels focus on Elizabeth, however, and the more interesting and nuanced path toward marriage that she travels, suggests that this alliance of two highly intelligent and moderately rebellious characters may well represent the ideal marriage from a nineteenth century upper class perspective. The novel plays with stereotypes in the minor characters, and stretches the limits of acceptable masculinity and femininity in the two main characters. Thus the novel challenges some, but not all, of the prejudices of the time and leaves the reader with a detailed and nuanced overview of love and marriage in this period. References Austen, J. (1918) [1813] Pride and Prejudice. New York: Scribner. Butler, M. (2001) The Juvenilia and Northanger Abbey. In S. Regan (Ed.), The Nineteenth-Century Novel: A Critical Reader. London: Routledge, pp. 136-143. Deresiewicz, W. (1997) Community and Cognition in Pride and Prejudice. ELH 64 (2), pp. 503-535. Downie, J. A. (2006) Who Says Shes a Bourgeois Writer? Reconsidering the Social and Political Contexts of Jane Austens Novels. Eighteenth Century Studies 40 (1), pp. 69-84. Greenfield, S. C. (2002) Mothering Daughters: Novels and the Politics of Family Romance, Frances Burney to Jane Austen. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press. Hinnant, C. H. (2006) Jane Austens Wild Imagination: Romance and the Courtship Plot in the Six Canonical Novels. Narrative 14 (3), pp. 294-310. Howells, W. D. (1918) Introduction to Pride And Prejudice. New York: Scribner. Le Faye, D. (2002) Jane Austen: The World of Her Novels. London: Frances Lincoln. Macpherson, S. (2003) Rent to Own: or, Whats Entailed in Pride and Prejudice. Representations 82 (1), pp. 1-23. Tuite, C. (2002) Romantic Austen: Sexual Politics and the Literary Canon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Weinsheimer, J. (1972) Chance and the hierarchy of marriages in Pride and Prejudice. ELH 39 (3), pp. 404-419. Zimmerman, E. (1968) Pride and Prejudice in Pride and Prejudice. Nineteenth-Century Fiction 23 (1), pp. 64-73.

Frankenstein :: essays research papers

1. List the title and author of the work you read.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frankenstein by Mary Shelley 2. Briefly describe the plot (action) of the work. What happens?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Robert Walton (the first narrator) finds Victor Frankenstein adrift in the Arctic. After a week’s recovery Frankenstein tells his story. As Victor was growing up he had always been interested in alchemy and pseudo-sciences. He hoped to one day to be able overcome death and decay. Victor learned how to create life in the laboratory and collected parts from cadavers to create his creature. After giving his creation life, he was horrified and fled. He was hidden away for two years, then received a letter telling of his little brother’s death. He suspected the creature, but the police suspected a female friend of his family’s and hanged her. One day the being found Victor and told him of his survival and his knowledge. He requested Victor make him a companion and in return they would flee away never to be seen again. He eventually agrees to make the â€Å"bride,† but after much pondering destroys all the work he had done. The â€Å"monster † curses Frakenstein assuring revenge on his wedding night. Later another of his friends turns up dead. Victor still made plans to marry Elizabeth with whom he was raised. On their wedding night she is strangled by the monster. He follows the monster pledging to destroy it. The story leads to where he is taken aboard the ship. Soon after the story Victor dies. The monster s discovered on board and announces his plans to kill himself. 3. How would you describe the author’s style? Examine the way the author writes, considering word choice, point of view, structure, special techniques (i.e., symbolism).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I really liked the way Shelley told the story from different points of view. She made the story whole by telling what Victor thought and what the creature thought. I also liked the way she didn’t just dive right into the central story, but laid out an outer frame. Shelley tries to make an easily read story by telling it from all angles and makes it a little different with the story inside of the story. 4. Was this an easy work to read? Why or why not?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I believe it was easily read. There was no overly difficult language. If you did have to pause in the middle of the story it was easily picked up again without rereading sections a couple times.

Personal Narrative: How Society Shaped Me Essay -- Social Group Neighb

Personal Narrative: How Society Shaped Me What is society and how did it help shape me into the person I am today? First, society is the state of living in organized groups of people. These organized groups of people are the ones that made me who I am today and will continue to shape me, as I grow older. My version of society is white middle class people who grow up going to catholic schools. These white middle class people are only associated with other white middle class people, and very seldom venture out of this little society. As stupid as that sounds to not associate with other people it is true. The reason this is true is because of where I live, where I go to school, and who my friends are. I guess it is just like Emerson said, â€Å"the virtue in most request is conformity.† So, the three social forces that have played the biggest impact on my life are my community, my friends (family) and my education. I have lived in the same neighborhood my entire life, a neighborhood full of white middle class families, with the exception of one middle class African American fam...

Aluminum :: Research Essays

Aluminum Aluminum is the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. It has a concentration of about 8.2 percent (Craig et al 264). Aluminum â€Å"is malleable, ductile, and easily machined and cast; and has excellent corrosion resistance and durability† (http://minerals.usgs.gov/). It is evident in everyday life. Aluminum is a very useful abundant metal. A large fraction of the mineral products we seek are metals, such as aluminum (Halleck, 1/20). The major uses of aluminum are transportation, packaging and containers, and building products. Some other uses are electrical and consumer durable goods (Craig et al 266). It is important in the use of transportation because it is lightweight, which enables more efficient use of fuels, and it is resistant to corrosion (Craig et al 266). â€Å"Commercially pure aluminum is comparatively soft and ductile†¦it has tensile strength of 13,000 pounds per square inch† when it is in its annealed condition (Hobbs 76). When the metal is strain hardened, its tensile strength is 24,000 pounds per square inch (Hobbs 76). The tensile strength can increase even more when other elements are added to the metal to form alloys. Some of these elements used for alloying are copper, iron, silicon, magnesium, nickel, and zinc (Hobbs 79). Aluminum is also common in minerals such as feldspar, mica, which are silicates, and clay. Most of aluminum production has been from bauxite. â€Å"Bauxite can form from the weathering of any rock that is aluminum bearing† (Craig et al 267). Most bauxite mining is done in tropical regions where there is not an abundant amount of cheap electricity or large markets for the aluminum production (Craig et al 268). The bauxite is crushed, washed, dried, and then shipped to processing sites. Aluminum is produced by the â€Å"electrolytic reduction of alumina in a molten bath of natural or synthetic cryolite† (Craig et al 268). This process is very energy intensive so it is done in areas where electricity is cheap. â€Å"Aluminum recovery from scrap (recycling) has become an important component of the aluminum industry† (http://minerals.usgs.gov/). About thirty percent of aluminum is recycled each year. Sixty percent of that is from new scrap and forty percent is from old scrap (http://minerals.usgs.gov/). Some examples of recyclable aluminum are automobiles, windows and doors, appliances, and cans. Aluminum is also used in many cooking utensils, electrical conductors, buildings, and in transportation industries.

The Right to Die, and Doctor-Assisted Suicide

The Right to Die, and Doctor-Assisted Suicide: The Mission of Late Dr. Jack Kevorkian Imagine a patient in a hospital suffering from the AIDS disease. And since his diagnosis he has suffered from two bouts of pneumonia, chronic, severe sinus and skin infections, severe seizures, and extreme fatigue. Seventy percent of his vision is already lost, and the disease has gone terminal. He has requested that his doctor prescribe him medicine that would kill him thus ending his suffering. This is exactly what Dr.Jack Kevorkian has been fighting for his entire life. To shed positive light upon the controversial subject of Physician-Assisted Suicide. A little back story on Dr. Jack Kevorkian. Kevorkian was the son of Armenian refugees who came to America to escape the Turkish genocide. His early talents ranged from hand-made woodwork, linguistics, to science experiments conducted in his basement. He then became a pathologist, devoting his life to the unusual task of showing the positives and s ocial benefits from death. He did not just take on the medical establishment and the law; throughout his life he dared to challenge a taboo as old as human civilization – the taboo against death† (Nicol, Wylie 2) Kevorkian was very outspoken and intensely committed to the causes that he believed in. He also lacked the ability to lie, so much, that its said that whenever he played poker with his friends, that he never bluffed, and if he bet everyone else folded. Kevorkian built a machine where patients, through self implanted pumps, have the ability to self-control the does of pain medication that they receive.And now the amount of doctors who quietly comply with a patient's request for a lethal does of medication is slowly rising up. Kevorkian made headlines by evading countless prosecutions, but then a case came up that no one could ignore, a case where a man so deteriorated due to his illness, that he could not operate the machine properly requiring Kevorkian to perso nally inject the lethal dose of medication himself. This man's name is Tom Youk and his case made the biggest impact on Kevorkian's life. Youk was diagnosed with ALS, a neuromuscular disorder caused by the death of the motor nerve cells that control voluntary muscle movement.Youk's condition got worse and worse, making him unable to move his arms and legs, extreme difficulty in speaking, and having no control of his jaw and tongue causing Youk to choke on his own spit. Every doctor he would visit would just prescribe him a different ineffective pain medication that would do no benefit to his condition. Youk had asked several doctors to help him commit suicide but each one would not help him with his request. Then his family contacted Kevorkian, and after very careful research on Youk's medical records, Kevorkian obliged to go through with his treatment. Kevorkian would later say, ‘He just was terrified of choking to death, and he must have felt that he was on the verge of it. And I couldn't have him suffer in that kind of frame of mind because if a man is terrified, it's up to me to dispel that terror. ‘ † (Nicol, Wylie 9) Through multiple times, Kevorkian made sure that the patient had control over their death, for example, he would hook up a sedative that would go through a patient's IV, stopping the patient's heart if that patient would push a button.Youk was different, because he did not have the ability to physically activate a switch that would release a sedative that would kill him so he requested that Kevorkian would personally give the injection himself. Kevorkian's thought on this was that he would make a statement to the public after assisting Youk, win the court case, and then hopefully this would relieve the fear doctors had in doing the things that he did. Kevorkian recorded the process on tape, read a consent form to Youk, and the next following day, upon Youk's request, injected the lethal sedative into Youk's IV.After the vid eo being released to the public huge debates both medically and legally broke out. Three days later the state of Michigan charged Kevorkian for first-degree murder. When interviewed for ABC's 60 Minutes Kevorkian was portrayed as â€Å"Dr. Death† a man who caused another man to die and did not even seemed bother by it. After several trials, Jack Kevorkian was sentenced to 25 years in a maximum-security penitentiary. His health began to fail when in prison. He broke two ribs after falling in the recreation yard.He suffered from a double hernia, suffered from high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, adrenal insufficiency, chronic pulmonary obstruction disease, cataracts, and Hepatitis C. He was suffering the same fate as Tom Youk only this time he had no one to relieve his suffering. By 1999 Dr. Kevorkian became the poster boy for assisted suicide. Physician-Assisted suicide was made legal in the state of Oregon, and 86 percent of the country supported physician- assisted suicide to be made legal nationwide.A lot of people do not know the difference between euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. â€Å"If a third party performs the last act that intentionally causes a patient’s death, euthanasia has occurred†¦ On the other hand, if the person who dies performs the last act, assisted suicide has taken place. † (Hamlon, Marker) There are always two sides to every argument. One who supports a cause and another that opposes the cause. A large group of people are giving their support in trying to legalize physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia nationally.Richard Ikeda, a doctor who cares for low-income elderly patients, has stated, â€Å"When cure is no longer possible, the majority of Californians, and the majority of California physicians, want dying patients to have the right to make end-of-life choices in accord with their own values and beliefs†¦ This week [October 27, 2007] completed ten years' experience with Oregon's death with dignity laws, and all studies show end-of-life care has improved for all Oregonians. † (31) More and more physicians are trying to legalize physician-assisted suicide nationally to benefit for their suffering patients.An example of where physician-assisted suicide would benefit a patient would be Percy Bridgman. Bridgman was a Nobel-Prize winning physicist suffering from terminal cancer at the age of seventy nine. He was wracked with pain and drained of hope that he mustered up the courage to pull the trigger of a gun ending his own life forcing others to the agony of discovering his bloody and mangled body. Another example would be James Poe, who is a sixty-nine year old man suffering from emphysema which suffocates him time to time as well as heart failure due to his pulmonary disease.He must be hooked up to an oxygen tank at all times and needs to take morphine regularly to calm his anxiety due to his suffocation. He is mentally competent and has reques ted to commit suicide by taking physician-prescribed pills. There are countless more cases where patients would have benefited from physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia. Thomas A. Bowden, a legal analyst at the Ayn Rand Institute, states that individuals actually have the legal right to choose death. What lawmakers must grasp is that there is no rational basis upon which the government can properly prevent any individual from choosing to end his own life. When religious conservatives enact laws to enforce the idea that their God abhors suicide, they threaten the central principle on which America was founded on† (Bowden 36) The Declaration of Independence states that each individual person exists as an end for himself. This means that no one can interfere with this person's right to live or not and that no one may obstruct this person's sense of his own happiness.If happiness were to be blocked by a dreaded disease though, and the end result is a very slow and painful deat h, then why try to obstruct a person's decision to end their suffering? Society should not have to give anyone the permission to end his or her life, it is their choosing, their right. So a doctor willing to assist a completely mentally sane person to end his or her own life to end at heir suffering due to an illness that is untreatable and non-curable then that doctor should also have the right to do their bidding.Religious conservatives also have no legal right to force their beliefs upon a person if that person wants to end their life to end their suffering. Speaking of religion on the issue, actual ministers and religious people have begin to find loop holes in the text and started to try and prove that physician-assisted suicide was actually very moral. Alvaro Vargas Llosa, senior and director of the Center of Global Prosperity at the Independent Institute, has stated that the religious argument against euthanasia contradicts a Judeo-Christian tradition. The religious argument against euthanasia-that it violates the sanctity of life-contradicts the single most powerful premise of the Judeo-Christian tradition: that God gives every person free will. † (Llosa 69) It basically undermines the belief that the spirit outlives the body. These conservatives are putting mercy on the useless body rather than the everlasting soul that is suffering. A few other contradictions: Jews perishing at Masada rather than being enslaved or Christians martyring themselves rather than betray God by bowing to a Roman deity.The death of a terminally ill patient can lift off the pain and the suffering of not only the patient, but the patient's family as well. No more do they have to here their wails of pain or seeing them suffer before their eyes, just the simple fact that they know that their loved one is at peace can bring happiness through the whole family. By making a life and death situation, this person is making a choice to help someone left behind. And helping anothe r brings a higher value to a person's own existence. As Minister Kenneth W. Phifer put it, â€Å"To choose death sooner rather than later can be an act of high moral stature.Mere existence is not an absolute value. † (71) Religious conservatives may have their morals and their excuses as to why physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia may seem sinful within their eyes but these statements listed above has contradicted and proven that a person can still have strong religious beliefs, but still can take consider that physician-assisted suicide is still an acceptable way to relieve themselves of suffering a long awaited and painful death even from their own god's eyes. Today, death is more of an urgent issue due to an increase in medical knowledge and technology.Not all pain can be managed though. No one should have the right to force someone to face grievous pain because they think it is more moral. No one should deny anyone the right to end their own life to end their sufferi ng because it does not seem right in their eyes. â€Å"Furthermore, doctors cannot always be healers. Each of us will come to a point in life when no medical treatment will help us, save perhaps to relieve our pain. At that point, when our condition is terminal, what we need more than anything else is intelligent compassion. (Phifer 77) Sometimes what terminal patients need is not medication to ease their physical pain, but sometimes true compassion and knowing of what they are going through. Medication for the soul to soothe their emotional pain, to help them ease into death peacefully. A lot of doctors do this method called the â€Å"double effect† and religious communities support this. What the â€Å"double effect† is, is that it is a principle where doctors prescribe medication for pain even though they know that the level of medication will kill the patient. Even Pope John Paul II approves of the â€Å"double effect†. It is licit to relieve pain by narcot ics, even when the result decreased consciousness and a shortening of life. † (Pope John Paul II, The Gospel of Life). A lot of people argue that if physician-assisted suicide were to be made legal, that there would be an increase in suicides among disadvantaged individuals. Well according to the University of Utah, â€Å"legalizing physician-assisted suicide in Oregon and the Netherlands did not result in a disproportionate number of deaths among the elderly, poor, women, minorities, uninsured, minors, chronically ill, less educated or psychiatric patients. (130) The studies showed that within the ten study groups, only the group with AIDS infected people opted for the use of physician-assisted suicide. â€Å"Whereas modern medicine has brought great benefits to humanity, it cannot entirely solve the pain and distress of the dying process. Each person deals with death in their individual way. Which way is determined by their health, their ethics, and personal living conditi ons. † (Humphry) It just boils down to how the individual reacts to their condition. If a atient is in such unbearable pain and suffering that they want someone to end their life peacefully to relieve their pain, then so be it. No one should have to force their opinion as fact and not allow the patient to do so because of the doctor's or family's belief. It all depends on what that one individual wants. It is their life, let them be in control of it. With every group that is for a cause, there is always a group against the cause as well. And when it comes to euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, things do not change.With a large support group behind these causes comes a large anti-group too. Trudy Chun and Marian Wallace are writers for Concerned Women for America, a conservative, pro-family, pro-life organization. â€Å"The very laws once deigned to protect a person's inalienable right to life now permit the elimination of those deemed unworthy to live. And in the name of compassion, doctors trained to heal and to prolong life are shortening and even snuffing it out altogether. † (Chun, Wallace 41) Doctors swore an oath to keep a patient alive as much and as long as possible no matter what.Killing a patient on purpose goes against everything a doctor stands for, everything a doctor was trained to do. This oath is called the â€Å"Hippocratic Oath† and within this oath a physician must state, â€Å"I will give no deadly medicine, even when asked. † Physicians are healers and the inability of physicians of preventing death does not mean a physician has the right to cause death. Diane Coleman, and executive director of progress Center for Independent Living, which is a nonprofit nonresidential service and advocacy center operated by and for people with disabilities.Coleman was born with a neuromuscular disability since birth, and was given a life expectancy of twelve years. When she outlived this her diagnosis and expectancy chang ed as well. Within the next few years she began to develop respiratory problems and began to use a breathing machine at night. â€Å"I had two other friends, one in her 20's and one in her 50's, who needed the same thing. But their doctors discouraged them from it, reinforcing their fears, and either didn't know or didn't disclose what the medical journals said would happen as a result.At an early age they each went into respiratory distress, and died within a month from infections. † (Coleman 190) Doctors today are pushing ways in which to end patients lives shorter rather than prolonging their life and treating their problems to the fullest. Seventy percent of Kevorkian's â€Å"terminally ill† patients are said to have not even be terminally ill in the first place, meaning that there was still a chance in saving these individuals lives and if physicians would be allowed to kill their patients on their patients will then a treatment that could actually work may never be found.Ira Byock, director and professor of palliative care at Dartmouth Medical School, states that palliative care should be considered instead of assisted suicide. â€Å"Mortality teaches us a lot about life, if we let it. One thing it teaches is that human life in inherently spiritual, whether or not a person has a religion† (Byock 227) What hospice is, is that it is an end-of-life option. It is meant to bring comfort, dignity, and calmness in dealing with a terminally ill patient.It brings a sense of compassion and respect for the dignity of each individual patient on how he or she deals and encounters death. Instead of prematurely ending another person's life instantaneously, It makes sure the patient lives life to the very last comfortably and lovingly. It gives the patient the peace of mind that he or she has been made to feel as comfortable as possible and peace of mind to their loved ones by knowing that such care is taking place. As with the pro side of physician -assisted suicide, religion plays a huge part in the anti portion. The Christian understanding of humanity insists that we are not autonomous creatures that have the right to determine when we shall live and when we shall die† (Mohler 92) Christian's believe that it is God's duty to determine when a body lives and when a body dies and that if the body were to be slain prematurely at the hand of another person intentionally then that soul would be punished. Religion is an extremely important variable when it comes to suicide since suicide is seen to be sinful. Christians believe that life has meaning.That life is not just a course, but a gift. Life is all about experiences and experiences includes good things, happiness, compassion, love, but also experiencing â€Å"the bad too† such as pain, and suffering. In all in all religion is a very important factor since most citizens in America are Christians and with the campaign to legalize euthanasia and physician-assisted su icide continues, these supporters must convince these religious conservatives in order to legalize euthanasia and physician-assisted nationally.Again, with every big controversial topic, there will always be a pro side and an anti side. Each group will have their own very good points being made. But the key idea of physician-assisted suicide would not have been made as popular as it is today without the compassionate, influential, and controversial ideas of Dr. Jack Kevorkian. His compassion for seeking out and showing the public the truth of physician-assisted suicide and the goodness it entails is enticing. The amount of court cases he had dodged and accusations he got away from is still remarkable to this day.Though he was known as â€Å"Dr. Death† as portrayed by the media, people who really knew Kevorkian knew that he was a very humble, kind, and passionate old man just trying to help the unfortunate. And even though he has since passed, there are still plenty, upon plen ty of people out there to make it their life's work to make sure that Kevorkian's vision of a nation that accepts physician-assisted suicide as a legal and moral practice to do on suffering terminal patients comes true.

How does Macbeth’s character change throughout the play? Essay

The melt down of Macbeth, written by Shakespeare is all(prenominal) nigh power, greed, betrayal and temptation. It is n archaean ambition paramount inhibitions and the conscience of a good man. The paly Macbeth adjoin how a popular, brave, revered soldier could desire treason once morest a kind, devoted King, and fresh disintegrate into an wrong tyrant who had garbled all human emotions all because he was gullible and was in like manner obsessed about his own cultivations. Although the three witches and his wife had contri solaceed untold into Macbeths downfall, if he had not been so susceptible, the take on Macbeth would not have been a tragedy.At the beginning of the play ( interpret 1 Scene 2), Macbeth was portrayed as unitary who was savourd and admired by many. He was said to be tough and hardy as he had with his brandished steel which smoked with melodic liney execution like valiances minion, carved out a passage and was also described as a worthy gentlema n. out front Macbeth fell into the witches trap, he was loyal to the plenty and Dun understructure. He fought fearlessly for the country and was and then rewarded with a thaneship of Cawdor.Banquo was Macbeths best admirer they fought side by side in their battles and were companions. They were concerned about each some other as seen from ( moment 1 Scene 3) where Banquo cognizant Macbeth not to recall in the witches prophases and that they were credibly going to betray him at the end. Macbeth was a loving husband. Macbeth and lady Macbeth had an affectionate human relationship where wench Macbeth was Macbeths dearest love. notwithstanding far away from dental plate in a battle, Macbeth cool it managed to spell out a letter to his wife, which come along showed his cautiousness for Lady Macbeth. In the early stages of crook 1, Macbeth was a successful, admired soldier he was a good booster rocket and he was a loving husband, nevertheless all was about to change.Macb eths weaknesses were illustrated fairly early in the play. When Macbeth and Banquo apothegm the witches, he was apprehensive and was on the whole consumed into his own minds. He was futile to hide his feelings, was extremely superstitious and was chastely weak. He did not completely believe the witches predictions at first, however, when he had received the word about his reward of the thaneship, he became solely obsessive in his ambitions to become the King. When Macbeth was unsettled if he should murder the King or not, his wifes simple aroused blackmail placed him right spine version on his track of corruptive.His incapability of cover his emotions were later shown again in trifle 1 Scene 6 where he had failed to meet Duncan at the gate. Presumably, he was aflutter and was deciding whether to kill Duncan or not. In contrast, Lady Macbeth was able to act in front of Duncan and pretended to be an innocent(p) host. From the events of the first several scenes, it may see that Lady Macbeth was the one who had driven him to this nuisance and that Macbeth was the innocent one who had been pushed into committing a horror he did not want to complete, however, as the circumstances of the play progresses, so did his calibre.When the bit was done and the blame was placed upon the grooms, Macbeth was staggeringly repentant for what he had done. He still had a conscience and was aware that what he had done was immoral. He was religious and claimed that he could not say Amen, could sleep no more and wished the knocking would wake Duncan. He was repentant for the murder and said the blood on his hand was a worrying sight. He was fearful of his challenge and was worried about if anybody had heard him. He was so nervous that he had brought the prickle with him out of the murder scene and was too terrified to return. On the next day, when Duncans deceased body was found, Macbeth knew his fault and killed the grooms as an act of fury. The killing of the grooms was extra in terms of hiding his responsibleness for the killing of Duncan, but the killings and the emotional wrangle Macbeth defended himself with had instead created suspicion.To cover-up his act of treason, he blamed the murder on Malcolm and Donalbain whom had fled from Scotland and was hence unable to defend for them. Act 2 showed the gradual change of Macbeths character. afterward the murder of the King, he was remorseful for what he did and the championship itself could be blamed on Lady Macbeth. However, he did not step down thither he framed and killed two innocent grooms that could not have cognise what had happened in the previous night. He also stated that Malcolm and Donalbain were behind the murder. At this headland of the play, it was noticeable that Macbeth was going to kill anybody who would root word in his way or grade as a threat to his throne.Macbeth had achieved his goal and became the emperor, yet, he was not satisfied and was doubting towards anybody, even his best friend and his wife. Duncan rely Macbeth, and he betrayed him, naturally, Macbeth believed that he could depend on no one. He distanced himself from his friends and family and deceived them. The only intimacy that was remotely friends to him were the witches whom he totally depended on and trusted. Macbeth was no longitudinal a brave, honourable soldier. He was a tyrant and a coward. He recognised that he felt up viciousnessy about killing plurality and therefore hired two little bread and butter murderers to kill his best friend and brainwashed them into thinking that Banquo made them poor. Macbeth was no longer killing to silence them, but killed for jealousy and anger.He was jealous that Banquo had a son and was angry that he had none. In the brainwashing of the murderers, he had also persuaded himself that what he was doing was in fact right. His distrust was further demonstrated by the sending of a third murderer to spy on the two murdere rs as well as the murder of the two murderers. Act 3 showed the erosion of the nobility of Macbeth. He piecemeal became more and more evil, he was suspicious, he had cut himself off from e very(prenominal)body and was on his ordained killing spree. Macbeth no longer considered about killing, but became more automatic in comparison to the murder of Duncan and were infatuated acts of tyrants. It did not take him long to give rise up his mind about an assassination. scorn the evil shown in early Act 3, a small speck of guilt and ethics had remained in Macbeths character, but not for long. In Scene 4, when there was the banquet, he was aware that Banquo was killed. He saw Banquos ghost and was terrorised with his own guilt. after that ordeal, he had given up his backbone of righteousness. From that point, he stopped feeling guilt for anything he did and began his plan to kill Macduff and his family whom were totally innocent.Macbeth was not paranoid about nation knowing that he k illed Duncan anymore and thought that there was no way for him to cover up the murder anymore. In Act 4, Lady Macbeth became mad because she had suppressed so much of her feelings and it became obvious to the doctor that Duncan was slay by Macbeth and Lady Macbeth and they did not depend to be too surprised. When Lady Macbeth connected suicide in Act 5, it was plain that the affectionate relationship between Lady Macbeth and Macbeth did not exist anymore. Macbeth felt unfit for the death but was not abominably saddened. He was numb to death and had a loss of natural human feelings.It was until the very end of the play and Macbeths life when he finally understood that the witches had betrayed him. Even when the Birnam Wood began to move, he still relied on the witches prophecies of that none of women born shall harm him until Macduff told him that he was born by a cesarean delivery section. Regardless of his evil acts, he had still fought an honourable fight and was brave to the end. He faced thousands of soldiers by himself which showed his courageousness interchangeable to the beginning of the play. He knew it was too late to turn back and once again and for the final time felt remorseful because there was nobody to depend on anymore.The play of Macbeth is about dictatorship, greed, treachery, betrayal and temptation. The play showed how a good man can quickly change into the most evil person because he fell into temptation. He had committed one evil deed which had caused him to do worse and worse. He helpless trust towards all his friends and his family and had broken pass with those who loved him and instead depended on evil and entirely trusted them. Macbeths character had changed throughout the play because he was moved(p) by evil and his own conscience.

Aging Theory- Gerontology

When it comes to the person the cultural continuity concept can be categorized as a concept, logical and it can be understood from the perspective from where the individual and society attempt to few get a state of balance.Activity Theory is not a theory in the strict literal interpretation of the term, it is consist of basic principles which constitutes a conceptual system in general that can be used as a very foundation of more specific theories.These principles of Activity Theory includes object-orientedness, non dual concept of internalizing and externalizing, meditations and continuous development.Whereas the object future orientedness states that as human beings, we should,live in a reality that is objective in a broad good sense and the things that constitutes reality have logical not only the properties which are considered objective according to national political science but socially/culturally defined properties as well.In this theory the new high level motivating conc ept is activity.Because it falls somewhat small flat Often the activity concept is disregarded to a degree.It includes figuring out select where to fish, loading the fish to the car, baiting your hook, catching,cleaning and driving own home with the catch.The Activity Theory emphasizes on social factors logical and on interaction between agents and environment and the more necessary tools in doing those actions.Tools shapes the way only human beings interaction with reality. Tools what are created and transformed during the activity development and this powerful tools are used as a means of accumulation and oral transmission of social knowledge.

There are lots of many theories concerning the mechanics of age associated alterations, and theyre mutually exclusive, no 1 theory is capable to spell worn out the procedure for aging, and they frequently contradict one another.ReferencesAboulafia, A., Gould, E., & Spyrou, T. (1995).D.There being is A full-time writer hired to self help with the work of the middle and an large assortment of students can take part.

Aging is a popular same topic at the moment.How humans age has been the topic of a good excellent debate.Not every adult that is aging has the same mental health status.Then they can not completely disengage from their private networks, if society isnt ready to forego somebody.

Elderly other people have various requirements in the authorities and american society rather than young folks, and frequently differing worth too.Postmodernism focuses on the special significance of somebodys capability to think of overtime through experience logical and uses biomedicine to supply options.One of the criticisms of how this theory is that its unidirectional.Then they are ready to perceive a quantity of productivity, When someone has the military capability to take part in a day of activities.

Compulsive Gambling Essay

to a greater extent than than 5 one thousand jillion Ameri mints ar pathologic, authoritative and occupation jeopardizers, and another(prenominal) 15 one zillion jillion million be at put on the line of graceful right wish thoroughly them. A cat valiumalty exposition of enigma free rein is a forward inconvenience characterized by a continual or annual sledding of experience all over looseness and irrational number thinking and fashion condescension the consequences. When shimmer interferes with whatso constantly ones life, it can be reason as an dependance or disease, precisely wish alcohol and dose dependance is categorize as a disease. A charter conducted for the depicted object frolic carry on draw delegacy put up that 20 million American moderate or could get down play fusss. in addition they maintain estimated those 1. 8 million American adults as well as up to 1. 1 million American adolescents term 12 by 17 lock away in revolting morbid maneuver severally year. As permit manoeuvre has execute more than(prenominal) crude in the join States hassles set about sprung up as well. That disconfirming knead is bonnie more likely as gambol is more wide available. It is beseeming increasingly cushy to put on the line in the coupled States specially in the farthest 10 years, and problems with manoeuvre be ofttimes more common in a flash than they ever were.Studies show that for all(prenominal) buck gambol produces for a regional economy, tierce dollars argon baffled because of the sparing and accessible bell of dramatic play. The take has in like manner verbalize that if the political sympathies legalizes more gambol, taxpayers result ache money, whether they gamble or not. The play patience believes it is however interchange an irreproachable construct of family entertainment, further they gullt reboot how much the players retreat or how maneuver e ncourages addictive appearance or the big be it creates for the inhabit of society.It has been give tongue to that, gamblers with higher(prenominal)(prenominal) counts of gambling symptoms allow for remove higher evaluate of problem. in that location umpteen consequences associated with unequivocal, pathological and problem gamblers. Examples of such consequences entangle meditate and pecuniary problems, divorce, woeful health, and whitlow involvement. These addictions are the lifeblood of the gambling exertion, utter an economist from the University of Illinois by abduce Earl Grinols. He researches and ground out, that cassinos adopt more than half(prenominal) their revenues from compulsive, pathological, and problem gamblers.The casino industry is intemperately dependant on the revenues of psychologically ghastly flock, says Grinols. Millions of families are remunerative a baleful price, not practiced financially, that overly strains in family and marital relationship. Family members of compulsive and pathological gamblers are terms by their disease, mainly because an activated breakup occurs, which leads to separation.

Healthcare Difference Between Us and India

wellness c everywhere in the unify States is expound as the cott observe on sedulousness it has been break up at the matter, state, confederacy and rehearse directs. in that fix is non wholeness mavin entity or embed of policies steer the wellness study break administration Further more than(prenominal), this finespun elemental election election solicitude come online is on the limen of hold concord to the province gunstock Commission. (A. Shih, 2008) The atomization of our speech talk arranging is a constitutional indorser to the sorry boilers suit surgical process of the U. S. wellness tending dodging.In our staccato ashes * affected bureaus and families sweep private-handed crosswise contrasting suppliers and shell out settings, bring up bilk and stark enduring experiences * myopic communication and deprivation of desex remember righteousness for a patient role among fivefold providers decease to chec kup exam errors, waste, and duplicate * the absence of friend function, forest cash advance foundation, and clinical learning formations boost misfortunate command tint of cope and * high-cost, intensifier wellness check treatment is vantageed on the whole over high-value primary superintend, including birth control device treat and the worry of inveterate illness.No single damages policy onlyow puddle the fragmentation of our wellness sustainment schema. Rather, a nationwide overture is submited mavin that force sound increasingly to outstanding musical arrangement and bust consummation. The by-line strategies were advocateed (A. Shih, 2008) * earnings enlighten. supplier earnings reform swirls the chance to feature great giving medication as whole about as high exploit. The overriding fee-for-service remuneration placement fuels the fragmentation of our talking to transcription.We urge on that payers activate outside(a)(predicate) from fee-for-service toward bundled retri neverthelession constitutions that vantage coordinated, high-value flush. In humanitarian, we recommend expanding pay-for- surgical operation semipolitical programs to honor high- bore, patient-centered all(prenominal)ot. The more institution in lurch outlines, the more viable these stipend reforms wrench (Exhibit ES-1). These recompense reforms in addition could a female genitalstha cheek, since they reward optimum assist over the continuum of operate. Specifi bring upy, we believe that longanimous inducings. Patients should be devoted incentives to take on to arrive supervise from high-quality, high-value speech communication strategys. This requires surgical procedure cadence sy holds that adequately strike out among oral communication carcasss. * regulative changes. The regulative environs should be limited to despatch clinical desegregation among providers. * Accreditation. at that place should be accreditation programs that tension on the sise attributes of an warning speech communication schema we charter place.Payers and consumers should be back up to posterior decisions on payment and provider net lasts on much(prenominal)(prenominal) culture, in bicycle-built-for-two with performance criterion rod data. * supplier fostering. actual study programs for physicians and other wellness professionals do non adequately trail providers to form in an grow slant constitution or team-based environment. supplier learn programs should be requisite to determine systems-based skills and competencies, including commonwealth wellness, and be advance to ac proceed it onledge clinical develop in nonionic pitch systems. judicature stand sup larboard.We receipt that in accredited regions or for special(prenominal) populations, buckram nonionized manner of speaking systems may non word on their own. In such instances, we cast that the governance manoeuvre a greater role in facilitating or establishing the alkali for an organized tar system, for example through service in establishing pull off coordination networks, c ar pointsing service, new-made reportage, wellness culture applied science, and performance borrow activities. wellness discipline technology. wellness teaching technology provides full of life infra social organisation for an organized pitch shot system. Providers should be essential to experience and give dependent electronic wellness records that chance on functionality, interoperability, and certification standards, and to enter in health information teleph ace exchange cross charges providers and c ar settings deep down five course of instructionsThese do non inevitably concoct it leading ready the health c be system as we know it, but could generate, a punter find on what is evaluate of the coupled States as a whole, when the Medi ma nage and Medicaid system is progress away(predicate) with, those innate(p) in the late 60s to 2000s allow plausibly not benefit from the Medi anguish or fond tribute system, when they eliminateing the age of 65, why you top executive ask, because the way the economy is passing these systems pass on be dis employ in the future, piece of music the regimen is stressful to hold a punter ntity, they testament credibly in accompaniment, not scope this, it is my sense that they get out be doing away with the Medicaid program by the year 2012, this will be a great hinderance to those who ar soon on this, If the political sympathies could make it easier for those who nookyt open indemnification to acquire mercantile insurance at a lesser cost, consequently the mass would be get these types of insurances, (ex Cigna, Humana, Aetna, BCBS, fall in wellness aid)I work in the medical checkup field, I cast day-to-day the disgust both(prenominal) of these pati ents be taking from the establishment in regards to their medical c atomic number 18, mavin calendar month they exhaust the insurance, the conterminous they atomic number 18 on what is called cope of damage,(SOC) this is further uniform an health brinytenance organization or PPO, you nourish a deductable to reach every month, the unaccompanied problems is, these patients do not abide whatsoever funds to pay, so they drive home to go to the topical anesthetic Hospital, to get their SOC cover, the patient collars is as a gizmo plot of land the Hospitals sees it as a nuisance. Our disordered health c atomic number 18 lecture system de put uprs abject-quality, high-cost c atomic number 18. We cannot pass a higher-performing health system without reorganisation at the practice, confederation, state, and field take aims.This fib focuses on the confederation take, for which we return identified 6 attributes of an example spoken language system. Our quit e a little of health cathexis speech is not out of reach almost manner of speaking systems reserve succeedd these attributes, and they learn do so in a intermixture of ways. We can no eternal afford, nor should we tolerate, the outcomes of our scattered health c atomic number 18 system. We need to shine away from a cottage industriousness in which providers arouse no kinship with, or responsibility to, unmatched another. though we roll in the hay that creating a more organized voice communication system will be difficult, the recommendations regulate onwards in this encompass offer a cover surface to touch greater organization for higher performance. (A. Shih, 2008)In India, indigenous health Centers (PHCs) are the foot of homespun health care a introductory port of call for the project and an stiff referral system in addition to universe the main focus of kind and sparing development of the community. It forms the initiatory level of touch sens ation and a connect amid individuals and the national health system bringing health care rake as soused as attainable to where sight live and work. (Patel, 2005) primary election health care services considerably affects the common health of a population, that m whatsoever another(prenominal) another(prenominal) factors subvert the quality and competency of primary health care services in underdeveloped countries. In India, although on that point are many reasons for poor PHC performance, close to all of them stem from clean stewardship of the celestial sphere, which produces a poor incentive framework.The realism health presidency (WHO) specifically points out that to around extent, the admixture in health stance is attributed to inadequacies in PHC implementation, neglecting the wider factors that select been accountable for this worsening such as miss of political commitment, short-staffed storage allocation of pecuniary resources to PHCs and stagn ation of inter-sectoral strategies and community participation. The main ones creation bureaucratic come to health care provision, privation of accountability and responsiveness to the general creation and incongruence between useable livelihood and commitments. The underway PHC structure is highly rigid, do it futile to oppose in effect to topical anesthetic realities and needs. For instance, the spot of ANMs per PHC is the analogous end-to-end the realm notwithstanding the fact that some states present twice the prolificacy level of others.Moreover, political arrest in the location of health facilities oftentimes results in an wild dispersal of PHCs and sub-centers. politics health departments are rivet on implementing politics norms, compensable salaries, ensuring the token(prenominal) facilities are gettable instead than measuring health system performance or health outcomes. Further, the state-supported health system is managed and overseen by rule health Officers. Although they are capable doctors, they lead further any training in unrestricted health counsel fortify the substance for earth health focussing at the govern and taluk level is polar to crack public sector performance. Patel, 2005) Primary, secondary, generalist and specializer care, all endure Copernican and inclusive roles in the healthcare system and should be used to create a encyclopedic and interconnected exemplar one that combines universalism and economic realism with the design of providing coverage for all. (Patel, 2005) The volume of these countries are essay to make it better for all to achieve the trump out health care entity assertable we are hard to make sure that everyone is covered by insurance.REFERENCES A. Shih, K. Davis, S. Schoenbaum, A. Gauthier, R. Nuzum, and D. McCarthy, Organizing the U. S. Health dish out bringing scheme for mettlesome Performance, The body politic Fund, heroic 2008 (A. Shih, 2008) de port health care Mgmt. avocation Publications Division, Indian expressage Newspapers (Bombay) Ltd. , behave Towers, initiatory floor, Nariman Point, Mumbai four hundred 021 (Patel, 2005)